Investigating Links Between Dysfunctional Parenting and Infant Brain Connectivity on Development of Effortful Control

项目概要/摘要 努力控制缺陷（EC;自我调节的自上而下控制，包括抑制控制和执行控制） 注意力）是儿童期多种精神疾病的一个主要转诊断风险因素。 功能失调的父母是一个很强的预测受损EC，使其成为一个有效的干预目标。 功能失调的父母包括行为缺陷的父母的敏感性[及时和适当的反应， 婴儿身体和情感需求的变化]，沿着母亲心智的认知缺陷 [MMM;与控制目标导向行为的婴儿心理状态的协调。MMM可能是育儿的基础 敏感性，但未来的联系仍不清楚。MMM促进了从基于外部服务器的 通过提供有意的心理状态谈话的基础， 规范行为。虽然有害的暴露对大脑结构有深远的影响， MMM影响婴儿大脑结构和功能连接的关键大脑区域的EC期间 大脑的可塑性是未知的。这一创新提案为解决这一问题提供了前所未有的机会 在一个拥有丰富的儿童精神病学和神经科学研究专业知识的机构接受培训，提出科学问题。 这个K 01将通过利用一个有价值的捕获婴儿来绘制EC和相关大脑网络的发展 接受重复弥散（dMRI）和静息状态功能（rsfMRI）MRI扫描和发育的队列 从出生到3岁的评估。申请人将在现有研究中增加一项前瞻性观察性研究， 评估MMM，婴儿执行注意力的标准化测试，并在一个独特的集合中检查连接 白色物质束。由于这一组人因贫困而丰富，这项研究将研究孕产妇与死亡率之间的新联系。 围产期心理社会风险（贫困，抑郁，焦虑，压力）和后来的MMM和养育敏感性，以及 心理社会风险通过MMM的多种介质间接影响EC的程度， 婴儿的大脑连接研究结果将阐明MMM作为一个可改变的因素，可能会增加父母的敏感性 增强婴儿大脑连接和EC以减少精神病理学。[If MMM改变了婴儿的大脑连接， 研究结果将强调婴儿期是在EC赤字出现之前进行有针对性的预防干预的关键时期 并导致精神病理学;识别可能从干预中受益最多的脆弱婴儿;并告知 设计新的MMM干预措施，以增强对养育最敏感的网络中的婴儿大脑功能 与欧盟的关系最为密切]。该奖项将建立在申请人在儿童发展，学校- 年龄执行注意力，和结构MRI通过提供[新的和更先进的培训，在评估 母婴相互作用，婴儿期EC的发展，以及dMRI和rsfMRI方法。申请人将 获得进行纵向研究所需的技能，对神经生物学和神经生物学机制， 儿童精神病理学本K 01将促进R 01提案，该提案将在亲子干预中修改MMM 改变将贫困与异常的大脑连接和精神病理学联系起来的风险轨迹。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Deficits in effortful control (EC; top-down control of self-regulation involving inhibitory control and executive attention) represent a major transdiagnostic risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders in childhood. Dysfunctional parenting is a strong predictor of impaired EC, making it a potent target for intervention. Dysfunctional parenting includes behavioral deficits in parenting sensitivity [timely and appropriate responses to changes in infant physical and emotional needs], along with cognitive deficits in maternal mind-mindedness [MMM; attunement to infant mental states that govern goal-directed behavior]. MMM may underlie parenting sensitivity, but prospective links remain unclear. MMM facilitates the transition from external caregiver-based regulation to self-regulation in early childhood by providing the foundation for intentional mental-state talk to regulate behavior. While adverse caregiving exposures have profound effects on brain structure, the extent that MMM impacts infant brain structural and functional connectivity in key brain regions underlying EC during periods of brain plasticity is unknown. This innovative proposal offers an unprecedented opportunity to address this scientific question with training at an institution rich with expertise in child psychiatry and neuroscience research. This K01 will chart the development of EC and related brain networks by leveraging a valuable captured infant cohort undergoing repeated diffusion (dMRI) and resting state functional (rsfMRI) MRI scans and developmental evaluations from birth to age 3 years. The applicant will add to the existing study a prospective observational assessment of MMM, a standardized test of infant executive attention, and examine connectivity in a unique set of white matter tracts. As the cohort is enriched for poverty, this study will examine novel links between maternal perinatal psychosocial risk (poverty, depression, anxiety, stress) and later MMM and parenting sensitivity, and the extent that that psychosocial risk indirectly influences EC via causally linked multiple mediators of MMM and infant brain connectivity. Findings will elucidate MMM as a modifiable factor that may increase parent sensitivity to enhance infant brain connectivity and EC to reduce psychopathology. [If MMM alters infant brain connectivity, findings will underscore infancy as a critical time for targeted preventative intervention before EC deficits emerge and lead to psychopathology; identify vulnerable infants who may benefit the most from intervention; and inform the design of novel MMM interventions to enhance infant brain function in networks most sensitive to parenting inputs and most related to EC.] This award will build upon the applicant's foundation in child development, school- age executive attention, and structural MRI by providing [new and more advanced training in the assessment of mother-infant interactions, the development of EC in infancy, and dMRI and rsfMRI methods.] The applicant will gain the skills needed to conduct longitudinal research on the caregiving and neurobiological mechanisms of child psychopathology. This K01 will facilitate an R01 proposal that will modify MMM in a parent-child intervention to alter risk trajectories linking poverty with aberrant brain connectivity and psychopathology into school-age.