Investigating Links Between Dysfunctional Parenting and Infant Brain Connectivity on Development of Effortful Control

项目摘要/摘要 努力控制缺陷(EC；自上而下的自我调节控制，包括抑制控制和执行控制 注意)是儿童多种精神疾病的一个主要的跨诊断风险因素。 功能失调的父母教养方式是EC受损的有力预测因素，使其成为干预的有力目标。 功能失调的育儿方式包括育儿敏感性方面的行为缺陷[及时和适当地对 婴儿身体和情感需求的变化]，以及母亲心智方面的认知缺陷 [MMM；调节到控制目标导向行为的婴儿精神状态]。MMM可能是育儿的基础 敏感性，但未来的联系仍不清楚。MMM促进了从基于外部照顾者的过渡 通过为有意识的心理状态对话提供基础来调节儿童早期的自我调节 规范行为。虽然不良护理暴露对大脑结构有深远的影响，但程度上 MMM对婴幼儿大脑结构和功能连接性的影响 大脑的可塑性是未知的。这一创新的提议为解决这一问题提供了前所未有的机会。 在一家在儿童精神病学和神经科学研究方面拥有丰富专业知识的机构接受培训，这是一个科学问题。 这个K01将通过利用一个有价值的捕获的婴儿来绘制EC和相关大脑网络的发展图 重复弥散(DMRI)和静息状态功能(RsfMRI)MRI扫描与发育的队列 从出生到3岁的评估。申请者将在现有研究的基础上增加一项前瞻性观察 评估MMM，这是一种标准化的婴儿执行注意力测试，并在独特的集合中检查连接性 白质束。随着队列中贫困人口的增加，这项研究将考察母亲与母亲之间的新联系 围产期心理社会风险(贫穷、抑郁、焦虑、压力)以及后来的MMM和育儿敏感性，以及 心理社会风险通过MMM和MMM因果联系的多个中介间接影响EC的程度 婴儿大脑连通性。研究结果将阐明MMM是一种可修改的因素，可能会增加父母的敏感性 增强婴幼儿大脑连通性，减少精神病态。[如果MMM改变了婴儿的大脑连接， 研究结果将强调，婴儿期是在出现欧共体赤字之前进行有针对性预防性干预的关键时期 并导致精神病理；确定可能从干预中受益最大的脆弱婴儿；并告知 在对父母教育最敏感的网络中设计新的MMM干预措施以增强婴儿的大脑功能 投入，大多数与欧共体有关。]该奖项将建立在申请者在儿童发展、学校- 年龄、高管注意力和结构磁共振，通过提供[在评估方面的新的和更高级的培训 母婴相互作用、婴儿期EC的发展以及dMRI和rsfMRI方法。]申请者将会 获得所需的技能，对儿童的照料和神经生物学机制进行纵向研究 儿童精神变态。该K01将促进将在亲子干预中修改MMM的R01建议 改变将贫困与大脑连接异常和精神病理学联系在一起的风险轨迹，使其进入学龄期。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Deficits in effortful control (EC; top-down control of self-regulation involving inhibitory control and executive attention) represent a major transdiagnostic risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders in childhood. Dysfunctional parenting is a strong predictor of impaired EC, making it a potent target for intervention. Dysfunctional parenting includes behavioral deficits in parenting sensitivity [timely and appropriate responses to changes in infant physical and emotional needs], along with cognitive deficits in maternal mind-mindedness [MMM; attunement to infant mental states that govern goal-directed behavior]. MMM may underlie parenting sensitivity, but prospective links remain unclear. MMM facilitates the transition from external caregiver-based regulation to self-regulation in early childhood by providing the foundation for intentional mental-state talk to regulate behavior. While adverse caregiving exposures have profound effects on brain structure, the extent that MMM impacts infant brain structural and functional connectivity in key brain regions underlying EC during periods of brain plasticity is unknown. This innovative proposal offers an unprecedented opportunity to address this scientific question with training at an institution rich with expertise in child psychiatry and neuroscience research. This K01 will chart the development of EC and related brain networks by leveraging a valuable captured infant cohort undergoing repeated diffusion (dMRI) and resting state functional (rsfMRI) MRI scans and developmental evaluations from birth to age 3 years. The applicant will add to the existing study a prospective observational assessment of MMM, a standardized test of infant executive attention, and examine connectivity in a unique set of white matter tracts. As the cohort is enriched for poverty, this study will examine novel links between maternal perinatal psychosocial risk (poverty, depression, anxiety, stress) and later MMM and parenting sensitivity, and the extent that that psychosocial risk indirectly influences EC via causally linked multiple mediators of MMM and infant brain connectivity. Findings will elucidate MMM as a modifiable factor that may increase parent sensitivity to enhance infant brain connectivity and EC to reduce psychopathology. [If MMM alters infant brain connectivity, findings will underscore infancy as a critical time for targeted preventative intervention before EC deficits emerge and lead to psychopathology; identify vulnerable infants who may benefit the most from intervention; and inform the design of novel MMM interventions to enhance infant brain function in networks most sensitive to parenting inputs and most related to EC.] This award will build upon the applicant's foundation in child development, school- age executive attention, and structural MRI by providing [new and more advanced training in the assessment of mother-infant interactions, the development of EC in infancy, and dMRI and rsfMRI methods.] The applicant will gain the skills needed to conduct longitudinal research on the caregiving and neurobiological mechanisms of child psychopathology. This K01 will facilitate an R01 proposal that will modify MMM in a parent-child intervention to alter risk trajectories linking poverty with aberrant brain connectivity and psychopathology into school-age.