VIETNAMESE-FARM-CLEAN-MICROGRID

该项目名为CLEANGRID (vietnam - farm - clean - microgrid)，研究使用清洁/可再生能源（包括光伏、处理过的沼气发电机和二次生命电池）作为越南农业（养猪场）储能的微电网系统的可行性。该项目的目标是为越南农场提供负担得起的、可靠的和清洁的能源解决方案，同时减轻农业废物和不可靠/离网供电造成的环境污染，并获得良好的投资回报。该项目的受益者既包括农场劳动力/所有者，也包括邻近社区，这些社区往往位于电力供应不可靠/离网的贫困农村/偏远/偏远地区。通过为照明、烹饪、水泵、通信、互联网接入等基本设备提供低成本和移动能源，该项目将解决性别和社会包容问题，并鼓励平等。畜牧业在越南农业中发挥着重要作用，73%的肉类生产是猪肉（2014年为2670万头猪头），70%的猪头（60%的猪肉产品）来自小农/家庭农场（世界银行报告）。为了减轻动物粪便造成的环境问题，通常考虑通过厌氧消化处理废物，产生沼气，然后用于烹饪和发电。因此，一个经济实惠的净化沼气工艺，以提高现场烹饪和发电效率，并减少家电的侵蚀问题是该项目的一个主要部分。该处理基于越南当地采矿的废料（膨润土），因此是一种具有成本效益的方法。沼气烹饪可以改变遥远地区的木材烹饪行为，从而减少污染/森林砍伐。作为一个热带国家，越南在太阳能发电方面具有很大的潜力。然而，对于任何微电网系统来说，储能都是非常昂贵的。为了节省成本，使用越南市场电动自行车/汽车二次电池的储能系统是该项目感兴趣的另一个话题。此外，一个微电网控制系统，以最大限度地提高能源转换效率和最小化能源消耗是必不可少的。电池和DC/AC逆变器模块的设计和开发使其可拆卸为移动模块，适用于没有电力系统的偏远地区，如水泵等社区服务。为了促进不同功率水平的微电网系统概念的扩大，以及更多的可再生能源电力整合，如生物质能发电、风力发电…，建立了微电网系统能量转换损耗模型，并通过室内试验进行了验证。此外，还开发了包括投资成本、性能成本、投资回报和潜在的二氧化碳捕获/减少在内的商业模式。

The project named as CLEANGRID (VIETNAMESE-FARM-CLEAN-MICROGRID) studies feasibility of a microgrid system with clean/renewable energy sources including PV, treated biogas generator, and secondary life battery as energy storage for Vietnamese agriculture (pig) farm.The project target is to provide an affordable, reliable, and clean energy solution to Vietnamese agriculture farm whilst mitigate the environmental pollution from farm waste and unreliable/off-grid power supply with good return of investment.The beneficiaries of the project are both the farm workforces/owner and the neighbor community where often locates in poor rural/remote/distant area with unreliable/off-grid power supply. With low-cost and mobile energy for basic appliances such as lighting, cooking, water-pump, communication, internet access, the project will address both gender and social inclusion as well as encourage equality.Livestock sector plays an important role in Vietnamese agriculture with 73% meat production is pork (26.7milion pig-head for 2014) and 70% pig-head (60% pork product) are from smallholder/householder farms (WB report). To mitigate this environmental issue from animal waste, waste process via anaerobic digestion for biogas generation and then using on cooking and power generation is often considered. Therefore, an affordable purification biogas process to improve the in-site cooking and power generation efficiency as well as reducing erosion issue on appliances is one major part of the project. The treatment is based on waste material (bentonite) from Vietnamese local mining and therefore, a cost-effective approach. The cooking via biogas could change the wood cooking behavior in the distant area leading to reduction of pollution/deforestation.As a tropical country, Vietnam has high-potential on solar power. However, for any microgrid system, energy storage is highly expensive. For cost-effective, energy storage system using secondary life battery from electric bike/vehicle in Vietnamese market is another topic of interests of the project. Also, a microgrid control system for maximizing energy conversion efficiency and minimizing energy consumption is essential.The battery and DC/AC inverter modules are designed and developed in such a way that it is detachable as a mobile module for distant/remote area where electricity system is unavailable for community service such as water-pump.To facilitate the scale-up of the microgrid system concept with different power levels and more renewable energy power integration such as biomass power generation, wind-turbine..., an energy conversion loss model for microgrid system is developed and validated via in-lab test. Also, a business model including investment cost, performance cost, return on investment, and potential CO2 capture/reduction is developed.