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Neural circuits for spatial navigation

用于空间导航的神经回路

基本信息

批准号：
10321643
负责人：
GABY MAIMON
金额：
$ 42.38万
依托单位：
ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-01-01 至 2023-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10321643
关键词：
Alzheimer&apos s Disease Animal Model Animals Ants Automobile Driving Bees Behavior Behavioral Biological Biological Models Brain Cells Cognition Complex Computer Models Darkness Dementia Deterioration Drosophila genus Drosophila melanogaster Face Fruit Genetic Genetic Models Goals Head Home Impairment Individual Insecta Left Link Location Locomotion Mammals Memory Mental disorders Methods Modeling Motor Movement Nature Navigation System Neurologic Neurons Pattern Physiological Physiology Positioning Attribute Primates Rodent Rodent Model Role Sensory Signal Transduction Societies Speed Subway Supermarket Synapses System Testing The Sun Therapeutic Thinking Time Update Vision Visit Walking Work base cell type cognitive function cognitive neuroscience cognitive process fly insight meter neural circuit novel therapeutic intervention two-dimensional way finding

项目摘要

Project Summary / Abstract Our brain provides us with a sense of where we are in space. The importance of this sense is clear when we become spatially disoriented, like when one is confused about one’s orientation after exiting a subway station. Central to the understanding of how brains give rise to spatial cognition has been the discovery of place cells in the 1970’s (i.e., neurons that are active when animals are in one specific location in space), head-direction cells in the 1980’s (i.e., neurons that are active when animals face one specific compass direction), and grid cells in the early 2000’s (i.e., neurons that are active when animals are in a grid of locations in space). A remarkable feature of these cells is that their patterns of firing persist even when animals navigate in complete darkness, wherein the animals must use an internal assessment of their own movements to update their sense of position or orientation. A fundamental next step in our understanding of spatial cognition would be to describe the circuit-level interactions that give rise to such physiological activity patterns and to understand how such cells ultimately influence navigational behavior. Our recent work has uncovered the first neural circuit to explain how heading-related cells update their activity levels when animals turn in the dark. This biological circuit in Drosophila is a realization of a circuit proposed to exist in the mammalian brain twenty years ago, based on computational modeling, but never proven to exist in any animal. Here we focus on three related questions that aim to provide a deeper understanding of how brains construct navigational signals and how these signals guide behavior. Our first aim is to identify a circuit path by which sensory information arrives to the central brain to update the head-direction or heading system when an animal turns in the dark. Our second aim is to determine the role of heading signals in guiding navigational behavior by perturbing the activity of heading-related cells in animals performing a heading task. Our third aim is to characterize new cell classes and circuitry to ultimately inform how brains might solve two-dimensional navigation tasks. The overarching goal of this work is to provide a detailed, circuit-level understanding of how brains compute spatial navigation- related variables. Such discoveries will inform our thinking on how our brains allow us to perform day-to-day navigation tasks, like driving home from work or finding our car in a parking lot, and how to approach psychiatric and neurological conditions in which these abilities are impaired, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

项目摘要/摘要我们的大脑为我们提供了一种我们在太空中所处位置的感觉。这种感觉的重要性是显而易见的，当我们在空间上变得迷失方向，就像一个人在离开地铁站后对自己的方向感到困惑。理解大脑如何产生空间认知的核心是发现了大脑中的位置细胞 1970年的S(即当动物在空间中的某个特定位置时，神经元处于活动状态)，头部方向 20世纪80年代S时期的细胞(即当动物面对一个特定的指南针方向时活跃的神经元)，以及网格细胞在2000年初的S(即当动物在空间位置的网格中时活跃的神经元)。一个这些细胞的显著特征是，即使当动物完全进入时，它们的放电模式仍然存在。黑暗中，动物必须使用对自己运动的内部评估来更新它们的感觉指位置或方向。我们理解空间认知的一个基本的下一步是描述引起这种生理活动模式的电路级别的相互作用，并理解这些单元格最终是如何影响导航行为的。我们最近的工作发现了第一个神经回路来解释当动物在黑暗中转向时，与头部相关的细胞如何更新它们的活动水平。这种生物性果蝇中的回路是20年前哺乳动物大脑中存在的回路的实现，基于计算模型，但从未被证明存在于任何动物体内。在这里，我们重点关注三个相关的这些问题旨在更深入地了解大脑如何构建导航信号以及如何这些信号指导着人们的行为。我们的第一个目标是确定感觉信息到达的一条电路路径当动物在黑暗中转身时，中央大脑更新头部方向或方向系统。我们的第二个目的是确定航向信号在引导导航行为中的作用，通过干扰在执行头球任务的动物中与头球有关的细胞。我们的第三个目标是描述新的细胞类以及最终告知大脑如何解决二维导航任务的电路。最重要的是这项工作的目标是提供详细的电路级别的理解，了解大脑是如何计算空间导航的- 相关变量。这些发现将告诉我们关于大脑如何允许我们执行日常工作的想法导航任务，比如下班开车回家或在停车场找到我们的车，以及如何接近这些能力受损的精神和神经疾病，如阿尔茨海默氏症。