Complimentary NMR and Bio-Assay Guided Screening of Edible Marine Algae for AGE Inhibitors to Control Glycative Stress and Reduce Risk of Neurodegeneration.

项目总结/摘要 《科学》杂志最近的一份报告揭示了如何减少压力和防止压力的形成。 晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）将提高生物适应力，降低糖尿病风险。 帕金森病（PD）。糖的降解和代谢导致活性物质的产生， 羰基物质，主要是甘油醛、乙二醛和甲基乙二醛，它们自发地与氨基和 核酸这些反应导致不适当的蛋白质功能和DNA损伤，从而导致 各种与衰老相关的退行性疾病的进展，包括血管硬化，神经变性， 肾病和癌症（1-6）。最近，一种酶的缺乏与早发性帕金森氏症有关， 疾病DJ-1被发现具有乙二醛酶和脱糖酶活性，可以对活性羰基化合物进行解毒和修复 糖化鸟嘌呤（7-11）。重要的是，这些酶似乎只对早期糖化产物起作用， 晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）是高度稳定的，易于积累。游离AGEs与 并激活AGEs（AGEs）受体，AGEs受体具有许多与氧化应激相关的信号级联反应。 应激、炎症和细胞增殖（12，13）。这些发现揭示了进化的 控制自发性糖基化反应和减轻 年龄暴露和积累。天然产品，消除活性羰基，保护脆弱的胺 和减少细胞活化是实现这些目标和提高生物复原力的可行候选者。 虽然在西方饮食中基本上不存在，但海洋大型藻类一直是人类饮食的主要组成部分。 包括世界上一些最健康的人群，比如蓝区， 冲绳（14-16）。今天，水产养殖是粮食生产和大型藻类生产增长最快的部门 在解决粮食安全和环境退化问题方面具有独特的潜力， 全球人口增长（17，18）。因此，大型藻类的产量已经超过了咖啡、茶和 巧克力产量预计只会上升。因此，调查的潜在效用， 藻类衍生产品值得优先考虑。食用藻类的化学多样性不同于 陆生植物，相对来说还未被开发。藻类植物化学物质潜在用途的早期调查 控制应激是有希望的，但缺乏关键的机制细节和体内活力评估 (19，20）。目前，还没有FDA批准的针对应激或AGE的治疗或补充剂 形成以改善生物复原力或控制相关病理。我们假设食用海产品 藻类将作为控制应激的新疗法的丰富来源， 防止AGE形成。

Project Summary/Abstract A recent report in Science reveals how reducing glycative stress and preventing the formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) will improve biological resilience and reduce the risk of developing Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Sugar degradation and metabolism result in the production of reactive carbonyl species, primarily glyceraldehyde, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, that spontaneously react with amino and nucleic acids. These reactions lead to improper protein function and DNA damage that contribute to the progression of a variety of aging related degenerative diseases including vascular stiffening, neurodegeneration, nephropathy and cancer (1-6). Recently, an enzyme whose deficiency is associated with early-onset Parkinson’s Disease, DJ-1, was found to have glyoxalase and deglycase activity, detoxifying reactive carbonyls and repairing glycated guanine (7-11). Importantly, these enzymes only appear to act on early-stage glycation products, once formed, Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are highly stable and readily accumulate. Free AGEs bind to and activate the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which has a number of signaling cascades relevant to oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular proliferation (12, 13). These discoveries reveal both the evolutionary significance and the potential therapeutic value of controlling spontaneous glycation reactions and mitigating AGE exposure and accumulation. Natural products that scavenge reactive carbonyls, protect vulnerable amines and reduce RAGE activation are viable candidates to achieve these goals and improve biological resilience. Although largely absent from the Western Diet, marine macroalgae have been a major component of the human diet throughout history, including those of some of the healthiest populations in the world-- such as the Blue Zone of Okinawa (14-16). Today, aquaculture is fastest growing sector of food production and macroalgae production has distinct potential for addressing both food security and environmental degradation problems associated with rising global populations (17, 18). As a result, macroalgal production, which already surpasses coffee, tea and chocolate production by tonnage, is only expected to rise. Thus, making investigations into the potential utility of algae derived products worthy of prioritization. The chemical diversity of edible algae is distinct from that of terrestrial plants and relatively underexplored. Early investigations into the potential use of algal phytochemicals for controlling glycative stress are promising but lack key mechanistic details and viability assessments in vivo (19, 20). Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapeutics or supplements targeting glycative stress or AGE formation to improve biological resilience or control related pathologies. We hypothesize that edible marine algae will serve as a plentiful source for novel therapeutics for controlling glycative stress and preventing AGE formation.