Peer Influence in Suicide, Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), and Depression: Dyadic and Social Network Contagion Effects

项目总结 友谊通常会保护年轻人免受情感问题的影响，尤其是 为经历心理痛苦的青年提供重要的支持来源。然而，令人不安的是研究 记录传染的现象，或自杀、自残或自伤的朋友 抑郁的年轻人自身患上这些问题的风险明显增加。在拥有的同时 痛苦的同龄人会增加青少年痛苦的风险，没有研究密切关注这一点 调查自杀和非自杀性自我伤害(NSSI)在青少年社会关系中的传染性，以及 很少有研究考察抑郁症的传染性。此外，人们对哪些因素可能会预测也知之甚少。 对传染的敏感性和恢复力，以及传染的机制也同样研究不足。这个 提议的多方法，纵向研究在大范围内检查自杀、NSSI和抑郁的传染 5-12年级农村高危青少年的样本。这项研究提出了新的和新的易感性 检查的标志包括过度活跃的同理心、媒体曝光(例如，13个原因，Netflix，2017)， 以及准社会互动(例如，与媒体人物的单方面、情感关系)。这项研究还 研究了共同思考(Rose，2002)，认为这是一种假设的传染机制，影响了所有这些因素 条件。将分多次收集自我报告、同行报告、观察和事件抽样数据 在一个学年内加分。多种方法的使用将提供有关以下方面的详细时间信息 涉及自杀、NSSI和抑郁症传染的过程有助于识别 那些最容易受影响的人。更重要的是，新冠肺炎在2019年春季突然出现在美国 探索青少年社交情绪适应的意想不到的机会(例如，孤立、孤独、社交 互动)在新冠肺炎发病之前和之后(队列1,2019-2020年)，在 新冠肺炎(队列2,2020-2021年)，以及在新冠肺炎疫苗日益增多的时期 可用(队列3,2021-2022)。

Project summary Friendships typically protect youth against the development of emotional problems and may be especially important sources of support for youth who experience psychological distress. Troubling, however, is research documenting the phenomenon of contagion, or the process by which friends of suicidal, self-injurious, or depressed youth are at markedly increased risk for developing these problems themselves. While having distressed peers confers risk for increases in adolescents’ distress over time, no studies have closely examined contagion of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) within adolescent social relationships, and very few studies have examined depression contagion. Further, little is known about what factors may predict susceptibility and resilience to contagion, and mechanisms of contagion are likewise understudied. The proposed multi-method, longitudinal study examines contagion of suicidality, NSSI, and depression in a large sample of rural, at-risk adolescents in grades 5-12. The research proposes new and novel susceptibility markers for examination including overactive empathy, media exposure (e.g., 13 Reasons Why, Netflix, 2017), and parasocial interaction (e.g., one-sided, emotional relationship with media figures). The study also examines co-rumination (Rose, 2002) as a hypothesized mechanism for contagion effects across all of these conditions. Self-report, peer-report, observational, and event-sampling data will be collected over multiple time points during one school year. The use of multiple methods will provide detailed, temporal information about the processes involved in contagion of suicidality, NSSI, and depression aid in identifying the characteristics of those most susceptible. What is more, the sudden onset of COVID-19 during spring 2019 in the US presents unexpected opportunities to explore adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment (e.g., isolation, loneliness, social interaction) prior to and immediately after the onset of COVID-19 (Cohort 1, 2019-2020), during the peak of COVID-19 (Cohort 2, 2020-2021), and during the period in which the COVID-19 vaccine is increasingly available (Cohort 3, 2021-2022).