Immune signal perception and integration by cell surface receptors and peptide ligands

通过细胞表面受体和肽配体的免疫信号感知和整合 植物和动物依靠模式识别受体（PRR）通过识别微生物来检测感染。 相关分子模式（MAMPs）。植物质膜（PM）驻留受体激酶（RKs）功能 作为PRR，其感测来自不同微生物的MAMP并共同有助于植物免疫。工厂RK还 感知广泛的外在和内在信号，并调节生长，繁殖和环境 适应由许多RKs介导的信号传导途径汇聚于RKs的一个亚家族，即 BAK 1/SERKs，在配体感知时作为与各种受体相关的共享共受体发挥作用 调节植物免疫、生长和免疫稳态。PM-tethered cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 与多个PRR-BAK 1复合物结合并传递细胞内信号传导事件。微生物感染 还诱导许多分泌肽的基因表达，这些肽可以作为免疫调节剂发挥作用。 PRR感知的植物细胞因子和强化植物免疫。该提案的长期目标是阐明 病原体信号感知和PRR复合物通过共享模块整合的潜在机制 与植物细胞因子协调，以实现快速、特异性和稳健的免疫应答。拟议的研究将 解决该领域的几个关键问题。该项目将阐明BIK 1相关的PRR受体体 动态是时空调节的，并传递不同的免疫信号。BIK 1作为一种重要的激酶， 内稳态、活动和亚细胞动力学受相互交织的磷酸化和 泛素化修饰该项目将定义共享的BAK 1/SERK共受体如何维持 不同受体体的功能特异性。这些研究将解决信号特异性是如何调节的 在生物体水平上的单细胞分辨率。该项目还将研究免疫调节 植物细胞因子与微生物模式协调以产生有效的免疫力。建议跨学科 研究将为不同级别的研究人员提供充足的培训机会， 本科生，研究生和博士后研究员，并将推进我们对先天 免疫和信号转导在整个生物体水平上通过识别新的成分和描绘 调节免疫信号整合、信号激活、减弱和特异性的新途径。

Immune signal perception and integration by cell surface receptors and peptide ligands Plants and animals rely on pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect infection by recognizing microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Plant plasma membrane (PM)-resident receptor kinases (RKs) function as PRRs that sense MAMPs from diverse microbes and collectively contribute to plant immunity. Plant RKs also perceive a wide range of extrinsic and intrinsic signals and regulate growth, reproduction, and environmental adaptation. The signaling pathways mediated by many RKs converge at a subfamily of RKs, namely BAK1/SERKs, that function as shared coreceptors associating with various receptors upon ligand perception modulating plant immunity, growth, and immune homeostasis. The PM-tethered cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 associates with multiple PRR-BAK1 complexes and relays the intracellular signaling events. Microbial infection also induces the gene expression of many secreted peptides, which could function as immunomodulatory phytocytokines perceived by PRRs and fortify plant immunity. This proposal's long-term goal is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying pathogen signal perception and integration by PRR complexes via shared modules in coordination with phytocytokines for a rapid, specific, and robust immune response. The proposed research will address several key questions in the field. The project will elucidate how BIK1-associated PRR receptorsome dynamics are spatiotemporally regulated and relay the diverse immune signaling. As a critical kinase, BIK1 homeostasis, activities, and subcellular dynamics are regulated by the intertwined phosphorylation and ubiquitination modifications. The project will define how the shared BAK1/SERK coreceptors maintain the functional specificity in different receptorsomes. The studies will address how signaling specificity is regulated with the single-cell resolution at the organismal level. The project will also study how immunomodulatory phytocytokines coordinate with microbial patterns to mount effective immunity. The proposed interdisciplinary research will provide ample training opportunities for researchers at different levels, including underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, and will advance our understanding of innate immunity and signal transduction at the whole organismal level by identifying new components and delineating novel pathways that regulate immune signal integration, signaling activation, attenuation, and specificity.