Developmental changes in the reconfiguration of brain networks and their association with psychiatric traits during adolescence

项目概要/摘要：研究项目（2） 大脑网络重构的发展变化， 他们与青春期精神病特征的联系 青春期通常被定义为从童年到成年的过渡。这是一个关键时期的神经 变化，包括大脑主要认知网络的成熟，但也是脆弱性增加的时期 精神病理学精神疾病的发病率从青春期到青春期呈指数增长， 成年期，75%的病例在24岁之前首次诊断。因此，理解 青少年发育对大脑网络结构的影响以及可能导致 精神疾病的发作。人们普遍认为，大脑在功能上是由多个相互作用的 网络.大量的文献也表明，大脑连接体显示出与年龄相关的变化， 最大的变化发生在青春期。虽然这些发现大大推动了 领域，绝大多数的基础研究都集中在一个单一的认知状态，如特定的 认知任务或休息状态，假设大脑网络定义在整个过程中保持不变， 认知状态然而，现在很明显，事实并非如此，这种动态的大脑重新配置 在认知和精神病理学上都有重要作用。因此，我们目前不完整的观点可能会限制我们的整体 有能力确定青少年大脑发育对这种动态网络重构的影响， 以及它与认知能力和患精神疾病风险的关系。根据我们之前的研究 和试点分析，我们表明，收集功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据，从休息- 状态和几个认知任务将改善脑功能连接体的表征及其 与青春期精神病理学的联系在这种情况下，本申请的目的是将这些成像联合收割机 数据与认知和行为信息，以提供一个综合框架，量化的动态 从青少年到成年的认知状态中大脑连接体的重新配置。为了实现这一点， 我们将对160名年龄在12到25岁之间的典型发育参与者进行静息状态和基于任务的功能磁共振成像 年我们将识别空间（目标1）和功能（目标2）重构的发育变化 主要的大脑网络的认知状态。我们的第三个目标（目标3）将提供一个综合的观点， 大脑动态网络和行为的发展变化， 分析，这将测试大脑网络组织措施与 青春期的精神症状我们的目标是展示网络重构的逐步增加 并建议这些变化反映了更好的功能和更低的风险， 精神病理学通过绘制这个关键年龄窗口的大脑连接体，这项工作有可能 阐明大脑网络发育的改变如何有助于精神病学特征，并最终导致 在向成年过渡期间患上精神疾病。

Project Summary/Abstract: Research Project (2) Developmental changes in the reconfiguration of brain networks and their association with psychiatric traits during adolescence Adolescence is typically defined as the transition from childhood to adulthood. It is a critical period for neural changes, including maturation of the brain’s major cognitive networks, but also a period of increased vulnerability to psychopathology. The incidence of psychiatric disorders increases exponentially from adolescence to adulthood, with 75% of cases being first diagnosed before the age of 24 years. It is therefore critical to understand the impact of adolescent development on brain network architecture and the alterations that may lead to the onset of mental illness. It is well accepted that the brain is functionally organized into multiple interacting networks. Extensive literature has also demonstrated that the brain connectome shows age-related alterations, with the largest changes happening during adolescence. While these findings have significantly advanced the field, the vast majority of the underlying studies have focused on a single cognitive state such as a specific cognitive task or a resting-state, with the assumption that the brain network definition remain unchanged across cognitive states. However, it is now clear that it is not the case, and that this dynamic brain reconfiguration plays a major role in both cognition and psychopathology. Thus, our currently incomplete view may limit our overall capacity to identify the impact of adolescent brain development on such dynamic network reconfiguration, as well as its association with cognitive ability and risk for developing mental disorders. Based on our prior studies and pilot analyses, we show that collecting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from both resting- state and several cognitive tasks will improve the characterization of the brain functional connectome and its links to psychopathology in adolescence. In this context, the aim of this application is to combine these imaging data with cognitive and behavioral information to provide an integrative framework that quantifies the dynamic reconfiguration of the brain connectome across cognitive states from adolescence to adulthood. To achieve this, we will use both resting-state and task-based fMRI from 160 typically-developing participants aged 12 to 25 years. We will identify developmental changes in both the spatial (Aim 1) and functional (Aim 2) reconfigurations of the major brain networks by cognitive states. Our third aim (Aim 3) will provide an integrative view of developmental changes in the brain’s dynamic networks and behavior by conducting robust multivariate analyses, which will test the degree to which brain network organization measures are associated with psychiatric traits during adolescence. We aim to demonstrate a progressive increase in network reconfiguration across states as a function of age and propose that such changes reflect better functioning and lower-risk for psychopathology. By mapping the brain connectome in this critical age window, this work has the potential to elucidate how developmental brain network alterations contribute to psychiatric traits and ultimately the risk of developing mental illness during the transition to adulthood.