Non-CO2 Forcers and their Climate, Weather, Air Quality and Health Impatcs

（B）虽然总体而言，全球变暖的原因和全球过程与混合良好的温室气体（GHG），特别是CO2，以及它们对全球和大陆规模的影响有很好的了解，具有很高的可信度，但在许多非CO2辐射强迫因素的影响方面存在知识空白，导致结论的可信度较低。这主要涉及短寿命温室气体和气溶胶及其前体的特定人为和自然前体排放。这些差距和不确定性也存在于其随后对大气化学和气候的影响中，例如，基于未来发展设想以及全球变暖对排放的反馈的农业生产和技术，例如，永久冻土融化除了大气辐射强迫（气体或气溶胶）之外，与土地利用和土地覆盖有关的气候变化也可以发挥作用，这取决于不同情景中所包括的适应或缓解措施。因此，FOCI响应主题D1-01-01领域B），其主要目标是评估关键辐射强迫因子的影响，它们在何处以及如何产生，它们对气候系统的影响过程，以发现并测试这些过程在全球地球系统模型（ESM）和区域气候模型（RCM）中的有效实施。最后，利用开发的工具，研究针对欧洲和世界其他地区的未来发展的选定情景中所包含的缓解和/或适应政策。我们将根据改善的排放量制定新的区域调整情景，以评估非二氧化碳强制物的影响。结果与气候服务生产者和其他终端用户的相互作用将为具体情景的编制和潜在应用提供反馈，以支持决策，包括气候政策

Indicated area b) While overall the global warming with the causes and global processes connected to well mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2, and their impacts on global to continental scales are well understood with a high level of confidence, there are knowledge gaps concerning the impact of many non-CO2 radiative forcers leading to low confidence in the conclusions. This relates mainly to specific anthropogenic and natural precursor emissions of short-lived GHGs and aerosols and their precursors. These gaps and uncertainties also exist in their subsequent effects on atmospheric chemistry and climate, through direct emissions dependent on changes in e.g., agriculture production and technologies based on scenarios for future development as well as feedbacks of global warming on emissions, e.g., permafrost thaw. In addition to the atmospheric radiative forcing (gaseous or aerosols), albedo changes connected to land-use and land-cover can play a role, depending on the adaptation or mitigation measures included in different scenarios. Thus, FOCI responds to Topic D1-01-01 area b) and its main goal is to assess the impact of key radiative forcers, where and how they arise, the processes of their impact on the climate system, to find and test an efficient implementation of these processes into global Earth System Models (ESMs) and into Regional Climate Models (RCMs), and finally to use the tools developed to investigate mitigation and/or adaptation policies incorporated in selected scenarios of future development targeted at Europe and other regions of the world. We will develop new regionally tuned scenarios based on improved emissions to assess the effects of non-CO2 forcers. Mutual interactions of the results and climate services producers and other end-users will provide feedbacks for the specific scenarios preparation and potential application to support the decision making, including climate policy