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Innate immune signaling at the synapse in development and pathological Alzheimer’s disease

发育和病理性阿尔茨海默病中突触的先天免疫信号传导

基本信息

批准号：
10343757
负责人：
Carla J Shatz
金额：
$ 40.94万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10343757
关键词：
3-Dimensional APP-PS1 Actins Adult Affinity Age-Months Aging Alleles Alzheimer&apos s Disease Alzheimer&apos s disease model Alzheimer&apos s disease patient Amyloid beta-Protein Anatomy Autopsy Binding Biochemistry Brain Cells Cerebral cortex Cerebrum Clinical Trials Complement Crystallization Dementia Deposition Development Disease Drug Targeting Electrophysiology (science)Event Family Frontotemporal Dementia Gene Expression Gene Family Genes Genetic Genetic Transcription Genetic study Goals HLA-A gene Health Histocompatibility Human Immune Immune signaling Immune system Immunoglobulins Immunohistochemistry Immunologic Receptors In Situ Hybridization Inflammation Lead Learning Leukocytes Ligands Link MHC Class I Genes Mediating Mediator of activation protein Memory Memory Loss Methods Molecular Mus Nerve Block Nervous system structure Neurobiology Neurofibrillary Tangles Neurons Organoids Outcome Pathologic Pathology Pathway interactions Pharmacology Process Prosencephalon Proteins Recombinant Proteins Research Resolution RiboTag Role Sampling Senile Plaques Signal Pathway Signal Transduction Structure Synapses Synaptic plasticity System Testing Transcript Transgenic Model Validation Vertebral column Visual system structure abeta oligomer autosomal dominant Alzheimer&apos s disease cell type cofilin critical developmental period depolymerization early onset experience experimental study frontal lobe genome wide association study hippocampal pyramidal neuron in vivo induced pluripotent stem cell interest mouse model nanomolar neurotransmission new therapeutic target novel novel therapeutics postnatal receptor relating to nervous system synaptic function synaptic pruning targeted treatment tau Proteins tau-1 transcriptome transcriptome sequencing vision development

项目摘要

Pathological Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia characterized by memory loss and aggregation of insoluble beta amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Memories are stored at synapses, and it is thought that an early driver of dementia may be synapse pruning occurring even before plaque deposition. Extensive activity-dependent synaptic pruning also occurs during developmental critical periods when learning and experience strengthen and stabilize actively used synapses, while others weaken and are pruned. In an unbiased in vivo screen for genes regulated by neural activity during visual system development, my lab made the unexpected discovery that specific Major Histocompatibility Class I (MHCI) molecules, famous for their immune system roles, are expressed in neurons and at synapses. Next, we identified an innate immune MHCI receptor expressed in neurons: PirB (Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B). Functional studies in mice reveal that the MHCI - PirB axis is required for synapse pruning during normal development. Genetic deletion of PirB selectively in cortical pyramidal neurons, or pharmacologic blockade using a recombinant protein, rapidly generates new spines and functional synapses even in adult cerebral cortex. In the APP/PS1 transgenic model of autosomal dominant AD, mice lacking PirB are protected from memory loss at 9 months of age despite high levels of beta amyloid. Remarkably, PirB is a receptor for soluble beta amyloid oligomers, with high affinity saturable binding. This interaction hyperactivates cofilin signaling which drives actin depolymerization and contributes to synapse pruning in the APP/PS1 AD mouse model. In human the LilrB (leukocyte immunoglobulin- like receptor B) family of 5 related molecules are PirB homologs. Similar to PirB, LilrB1 and LilrB2 are known to bind MHCI ligands, including HLA-A, B and C alleles, which are implicated in human GWAS and gene expression studies of AD. We discovered that LilrB2 binds soluble beta amyloid oligomers with nanomolar affinity, and LilrB2 protein is expressed in human frontal lobe. A crystal structure of the interaction between beta amyloid and LilrB2 has been solved, confirming genuine structural interactions and pointing to novel drug targets for AD. A major goal of this research is to test the hypothesis that innate immune signaling via MHCI-PirB/LilrB at the synapse is disrupted by pathological oAbeta, and to connect observations in mice to human neurobiology by (1) studying MHCI-PirB dependent signaling in neurons using RiboTag cell type- specific transcription profiling in AD model mice, and (2) by identifying and studying the function of human homologs, the HLA Class I and LilrB receptor families, in 3-dimensional forebrain organoids derived from human iPSCs, followed by validation in brain samples. Results from these studies will build a bridge between mouse models of AD and human neurons. They should also provide mechanistic information about how nervous and immune systems communicate at the synapse and open up new therapeutic avenues for treating synapse pruning disorders in development and in Alzheimer’s disease.

病理性阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆症的主要原因，其特征是记忆丧失和