Innovative Push-Pull Control of Spotted Wing Drosophila, an Invasive Pest of Fruit Crops (SWDP-P)

2021年，英国浆果生产为经济贡献了6.29亿英镑，10年内收入增加了三分之一。浆果生产对人类健康也至关重要，因为高价值和高质量的水果提供了一系列抗氧化剂，维生素和纤维。然而，浆果生产面临着与一系列新出现和不断增加的害虫和疾病有关的生产挑战。全球软果产业遭受了一种入侵性果蝇--斑翅果蝇（SWD）的严重作物损失。社署会在果实未收割前便在果实内产卵，造成高达80%的收成损失。在英国、欧洲和美国，社会福利署控制的潜在市场为110亿英镑。高价值作物如草莓、樱桃、蓝莓、黑莓和乌藨子，依赖化学杀虫剂来保护它们免受社福病的侵害。在以往的工作中，我们已经确定了一种候选的社福病驱避剂和一种诱捕系统来清除水果作物上的社福病。在这个项目中，我们将测试这两种方法的结合，在一个“推拉”的策略;“推”出作物和“拉”它远离作物，以减少直接损害水果收获前。我们的做法是一个更有针对性和较少破坏环境的社署管制方法。我们将首先在商业草莓作物上与两个主要的英国水果种植者测试我们的推拉系统，我们将开始在对社署更具吸引力的作物上测试，如树莓。社署会量化减少水果损害的情况，并尽量减少对益虫的影响。与此同时，将开发新型可生物降解的驱避剂配方，进一步改进诱捕器中的诱饵，优化驱避剂和诱捕器的部署模式。这种推拉策略将是针对这种全球性害虫的第一次，使果农能够通过减少杀虫剂的使用和可销售水果中的残留，减少劳动力投入，并为净零增长做出贡献。该项目将由罗素IPM，英国最大的生产商的生物合理的方法来控制害虫和疾病谁将利用这一潜在的游戏改变解决方案，以社会福利署。两个主要的英国种植者，拉姆伍德绿色农场有限公司和WB钱伯斯和儿子，将提供设施和劳动力进行实地试验。学术合作伙伴是NIAB谁是世界领先的应用SWD研究，和NRI，格林威治大学，将与罗素开发新的引诱剂和驱虫剂配方。

UK berry production contributed £629M to the economy in 2021, increasing income by a third within 10 years. Berry production is also essential for human health as high-value and high-quality fruits provide a range of antioxidants, vitamins and fibre. However, berry production faces challenges in production related to a range of emerging and increasing pests and diseases. The global soft fruit industry suffers significant crop losses from an invasive fruit fly, spotted wing drosophila (SWD). SWD lays eggs in fruit before it is harvested, causing up to 80% crop loss. The potential market in the UK, Europe and USA for SWD control is £11bn. High value crops like strawberry, cherries, blueberries, blackberries and raspberries, are reliant on chemical insecticides to protect them from SWD.In previous work, we have already identified a candidate repellent for SWD and a trapping system to remove SWD from fruit crops. In this project we will test a combination of these two approaches in a 'push-pull' strategy; 'pushing' SWD out of the crop and 'pulling' it away from the crop to reduce direct damage to fruits before they are harvested. Our approach is a more targeted and less environmentally damaging method to SWD control. We will first test our push-pull system with two major English fruit growers in commercial strawberry crops and we will begin to test on crops even more attractive to SWD, like raspberry. Reduction in fruit damage by SWD will be quantified and effects on beneficial insects minimised. In parallel work, novel biodegradable formulations of the repellent will be developed, lures in the traps further improved and deployment patterns for both repellent and traps optimised.This push-pull strategy will be a first for this global pest and enable fruit growers to improve productivity cost-effectively and sustainably by reducing insecticide applications and residues in saleable fruit, reducing labour inputs, and contributing to the progression to net zero. The project will be led by Russell IPM, the UK's largest producer of biorational approaches to control of pests and diseases who will exploit this potentially game-changing solution to SWD. Two major English growers, Rumwood Green Farms Ltd. and WB Chambers and Son, will provide facilities and labour for carrying out field trials. Academic partners are NIAB who are world leaders in applied SWD research, and NRI, University of Greenwich, will work with Russell to develop new attractants and repellent formulations.