Validation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Based Experiential Learning Simulator to Improve Medication Administration Safety Skills of Registered Nurses

项目摘要 在2019年，正常化，预期和准备季节性流感通常发生在10月至12月。 随着SARS-CoV-2病毒的出现和随后的宣布，12月发生了根本性的变化。 于二零二零年三月，世界卫生组织就新型冠状病毒病19（COVID-19）大流行作出回应。 美国的COVID-19病例总数已增至400多万例。研究和数据不断涌现 关于COVID-19如何严重影响前线的感染控制安全和检测实践 医疗保健专业人员。这些一线医疗保健专业人员正在从事急性和慢性医疗保健 设施，在应急响应系统内工作，并在学术范围内准备预许可学生 研究的医疗保健计划。2014年，传染病学会、卫生保健流行病学学会 联合委员会认识到减少医疗相关感染的紧迫性。的 最初的协议纲要仍然是2020年医院国家患者安全目标， 已更新指引，以反映COVID-19所需的预防措施的变化。先前 教育培训，包括讲座、提示、检查表;审计;观察和反馈;以及实施 感染控制程序已经寻求改善方案依从性和关于适当配合和使用的知识， 个人防护装备。然而，这些教育模式和即时培训课程， 在改善实践行为方面是不可持续的。此外，这些模式并不现实地描绘 目前迫切需要的使用标准和基于传输的预防措施，特别是当 教育是提供直接患者护理的核心，例如管理药物管理、获得 诊断COVID-19所需的无菌鼻标本，以及完成床边程序。目前， 一线医护人员确诊感染COVID-19的患病率上升令人担忧。新兴 文献描述了如何回收或新的形式，正确的选择，穿脱，并接受个人 防护装备是研究的重点。而且，对这种疾病的恐惧感也明显增加 存在与潜在的自我感染有关的精神压力。一个有效的培训计划， 加强最佳感染控制和基于传播的行为的故意实践成分是一个 疾病控制和预防中心确定的必要性。我们建议开发一种身临其境的 虚拟现实模拟器，用于培训医疗保健专业人员在为患者提供护理时保护自己 新冠肺炎这一点很重要，因为关于标准感染和传播感染的知识和技能 控制措施可以直接影响这种高度传染性疾病在所有人中的传播和获得。 医疗保健专业人员，并可能影响患者护理结果。我们提出了两个具体的目标，以证明 模拟器的有效性。在aim 1中，我们将开发具有模拟所有方面能力的模拟器 穿戴/脱下个人防护装备在aim 2中，我们将进行面孔，内容和结构验证 问题研究一旦模拟器被开发出来，它将很快推向市场，以帮助目前的一线工人 护理COVID-19患者。

PROJECT SUMMARY In 2019, the normalization, anticipation, and preparation for seasonal flu routinely occurring from October to December radically changed with the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the subsequent announcement by the World Health Organization of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in March of 2020. Total cases of COVID-19 in the United States has grown to over 4 million. Research and data continue to emerge as to how COVID-19 is severely impacting infection control safety and testing practices among frontline healthcare professionals. These frontline healthcare professionals are practicing in acute and chronic healthcare facilities, working within emergency response systems, and preparing pre-licensure students within academic healthcare programs of study. In 2014, the Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, and The Joint Commission recognized the urgency to reduce healthcare-associated infections. The original compendium of protocols remains as a 2020 Hospital National Patient Safety goal, and infection control guidelines have been updated to reflect changes in precaution measures necessitated by COVID-19. Previous educational training with lectures, cues, checklists; audits; observation with feedback; and implementation of infection control programs have sought to improve protocol compliance and knowledge on proper fit and use of personal protective equipment. However, these educational modalities and just-in-time training sessions have not been sustainable in improving practice behaviors. Additionally, these modalities do not realistically portray the use standard and transmission-based precautions urgently needed at this time, especially when this education is central to providing direct patient care such as administering medication administrations, obtaining sterile nasal specimens necessary to diagnose COVID-19, and completing bedside procedures. Currently, an increased prevalence of frontline healthcare professionals diagnosed with COVID-19 is alarming. Emerging literature describes how recycled or new forms, correct selection, donning-doffing, and acceptance of personal protective equipment are focal points for research. Moreover, the fear of this disease and significantly increased mental stress related to the potential for self-infection exists. An effective training program with cognitive and deliberate practice components to reinforce best infection control and transmission-based behaviors is a necessity identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We propose to develop an immersive virtual reality simulator to train healthcare professionals to protect themselves when providing care to patients with COVID-19. This is significant because knowledge and skills on standard and transmission-based infection control practices can directly impact the spread and acquisition of this highly infectious disease among all healthcare professionals and can impact patient care outcomes. We propose two specific aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulator. In aim 1, we will develop the simulator with capabilities to simulate all aspects of donning/doffing personal protective equipment. In aim 2, we will conduct face, content, and construct validation studies. Once the simulator is developed, it will be brought to market quickly to help the frontline workers currently caring for COVID-19 patients.