Validation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Based Experiential Learning Simulator to Improve Medication Administration Safety Skills of Registered Nurses

项目总结 2019年，季节性流感常态化、预见性和预备性工作常态化发生在10月至10月 随着SARS-CoV-2病毒的出现和随后的宣布，12月发生了根本性的变化 世界卫生组织的新型冠状病毒病19(新冠肺炎)于2020年3月大流行。 美国新冠肺炎的总案例已经增长到400多万例。研究和数据不断涌现 至于新冠肺炎如何严重影响一线的感染控制、安全和检测做法 医疗保健专业人士。这些一线医疗保健专业人员正在急慢性医疗保健领域执业 设施，在应急响应系统内工作，并在学术领域内为获得执照的预科学生做准备 学习的医疗保健计划。2014年，传染病学会，医疗保健流行病学学会 美国和联合委员会认识到减少与医疗保健有关的感染的紧迫性。这个 原方案概要仍为2020年医院国家患者安全目标和感染控制 指南已经更新，以反映新冠肺炎所需的预防措施的变化。上一首 教育培训，包括讲座、提示、核对表；审计；观察和反馈；以及实施 感染控制计划寻求改善方案的遵从性以及对适当适合和使用 个人防护装备。然而，这些教育模式和即时培训课程具有 在改进实践行为方面不可持续。此外，这些模式并不真实地描绘出 目前迫切需要使用标准和基于传播的预防措施，特别是在 教育是提供直接患者护理的核心，例如管理药物管理，获得 无菌鼻标本是诊断新冠肺炎所必需的，并完成床边操作。目前，一个 被诊断为新冠肺炎的一线医护人员的患病率上升令人担忧。新兴 文献描述了回收或新的形式，正确的选择，穿脱，以及接受个人 防护装备是研究的重点。此外，对这种疾病的恐惧和恐惧明显增加 存在与自我感染的可能性相关的精神压力。一项有效的培训计划，包括认知和 加强最佳感染控制和基于传播的行为的深思熟虑的实践组件是 疾病控制和预防中心确定的必要性。我们建议开发一种身临其境的 虚拟现实模拟器，用于培训医疗专业人员在为患者提供护理时保护自己 还有新冠肺炎。这一点意义重大，因为关于标准和基于传播的感染的知识和技能 控制措施可直接影响这一高度传染性疾病在所有 并可能影响患者的护理结果。我们提出了两个具体目标来演示 模拟器的有效性。在目标1中，我们将开发具有模拟所有方面的能力的模拟器 穿上/脱下个人防护装备。在目标2中，我们将进行表面、内容和结构验证 学习。模拟器一旦开发完成，将迅速推向市场，帮助目前的一线工作人员 关爱新冠肺炎患者。

PROJECT SUMMARY In 2019, the normalization, anticipation, and preparation for seasonal flu routinely occurring from October to December radically changed with the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the subsequent announcement by the World Health Organization of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in March of 2020. Total cases of COVID-19 in the United States has grown to over 4 million. Research and data continue to emerge as to how COVID-19 is severely impacting infection control safety and testing practices among frontline healthcare professionals. These frontline healthcare professionals are practicing in acute and chronic healthcare facilities, working within emergency response systems, and preparing pre-licensure students within academic healthcare programs of study. In 2014, the Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, and The Joint Commission recognized the urgency to reduce healthcare-associated infections. The original compendium of protocols remains as a 2020 Hospital National Patient Safety goal, and infection control guidelines have been updated to reflect changes in precaution measures necessitated by COVID-19. Previous educational training with lectures, cues, checklists; audits; observation with feedback; and implementation of infection control programs have sought to improve protocol compliance and knowledge on proper fit and use of personal protective equipment. However, these educational modalities and just-in-time training sessions have not been sustainable in improving practice behaviors. Additionally, these modalities do not realistically portray the use standard and transmission-based precautions urgently needed at this time, especially when this education is central to providing direct patient care such as administering medication administrations, obtaining sterile nasal specimens necessary to diagnose COVID-19, and completing bedside procedures. Currently, an increased prevalence of frontline healthcare professionals diagnosed with COVID-19 is alarming. Emerging literature describes how recycled or new forms, correct selection, donning-doffing, and acceptance of personal protective equipment are focal points for research. Moreover, the fear of this disease and significantly increased mental stress related to the potential for self-infection exists. An effective training program with cognitive and deliberate practice components to reinforce best infection control and transmission-based behaviors is a necessity identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We propose to develop an immersive virtual reality simulator to train healthcare professionals to protect themselves when providing care to patients with COVID-19. This is significant because knowledge and skills on standard and transmission-based infection control practices can directly impact the spread and acquisition of this highly infectious disease among all healthcare professionals and can impact patient care outcomes. We propose two specific aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulator. In aim 1, we will develop the simulator with capabilities to simulate all aspects of donning/doffing personal protective equipment. In aim 2, we will conduct face, content, and construct validation studies. Once the simulator is developed, it will be brought to market quickly to help the frontline workers currently caring for COVID-19 patients.