A phenology-perceptive integrated biocontrol program for Large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei) control: PHENCONTROL

覆盆子在英国是一种受欢迎的高价值软水果。然而，目前的生产受到蚜虫侵染的阻碍，主要是由于大覆盆子蚜虫(_Amphorophora Idaei_)。在历史上，控制这种蚜虫的方法是培育抗蚜虫树莓品种和喷洒杀虫剂。然而，由于几个原因，这些方法不再适用。首先，能够抵抗培育成树莓的基因的蚜虫生物型开始出现。此外，由于对蚜虫传播的病毒的担忧较少，培育抗药性的蚜虫不再是优先事项。然而，还没有研究将不同生防成分的有效性结合到一个紧密结合的综合生防计划中，以保护树莓作物免受蚜虫的侵染。因此，覆盆子存在产量损失、滞销水果浪费和资源利用效率低下的问题。对于这个每年1.47亿GB的产业来说，即使10%的商业损失也将转化为超过1400万GB的损失，考虑到英国当地消费的树莓有69%以上是进口的，这是一个令人无法接受的高数额。该项目将利用种植者组织、NIAB科学家和一家领先的生防生产商的专业知识，开发和测试用于树莓蚜虫防治的综合生物防治计划。总体目标是将不同的生防成分纳入一个长达一个赛季的计划中，以应对植物和蚜虫的季节性变化。我们将包括额外的监测，以评估冬季利用作物的天敌和害虫。这一范围的扩大对英国的树莓种植者管理蚜虫很有价值，并与目前关于在树莓种植园中维持一支蚜虫天敌的“常备军”的想法一致。此外，研究联盟将进行成本效益分析，以确保适当的控制措施保持当地生产的树莓的市场竞争力。此外，这项研究还将为今后的研究提供有价值的信息和数据，以创建英国其他软果的生物防治计划。

Raspberry is a popular and high-value soft fruit in the UK. However, current production is hampered by aphid infestation, mainly attributed to the large raspberry aphid (_Amphorophora idaei_). Controlling this aphid was historically done by breeding aphid-resistant raspberry cultivars and spraying pesticides. However, these methods are no longer adequate for several reasons. First, aphid biotypes able to withstand genes bred into raspberry began to emerge. Additionally, breeding for aphids for resistance is no longer a priority due to fewer concerns about the viruses that aphids spread. Secondly, the withdrawal of approvals for pesticides has limited the options for control.Control of aphids is now anchored on integrated pest management strategies that depend on the use of effective commercially produced biocontrol products such as parasitoids and generalist predators. However, research has not been done to align the effectiveness of different biocontrol components into a cohesive integrated biocontrol program to protect raspberry crops from aphids. Consequently, there are losses to production, wastage of unmarketable fruit and inefficient resource use in raspberry. Commercial losses of even 10% to this £147M/year industry would translate to over £14M losses, an unacceptably high sum given that the UK imports more than 69% of raspberries consumed locally.This project will leverage the expertise of grower organisations, NIAB scientists and a leading biocontrol producer to develop and test an integrated biocontrol program for aphid control in raspberry. The overall aim is to incorporate different biocontrol components into a season-long program that is responsive to the seasonal changes in the plant and aphids. We will include additional monitoring to assess the natural enemies and pests which utilise the crop during the winter season. This expanded scope is valuable to raspberry growers in the UK for aphid management and aligns with current thinking on maintaining " a standing army" of natural enemies of aphid in raspberry plantations. Additionally, the research consortium will conduct a cost-benefit analysis to ensure that adequate control maintains the market competitiveness of locally produced raspberries. Furthermore, this research will provide valuable information and data for future research to create biocontrol programs for other soft fruit in the UK.