Yoga Postures and Slow Deep Breathing in Altering Mechanistic Outcomes in Hypertension

项目摘要 高血压是一种普遍的疾病，在美国死亡率不断上升。 病理生理学需要由增加的免疫细胞活性氧驱动的血管内稳态的破坏 物种和随后的氧化应激。瑜伽的降血压作用已被阐明; 然而，其机制尚不清楚。我们的研究发现， 扩张，一氧化氮依赖的血管健康措施，瑜伽干预后。氧化应激 导致一氧化氮生物利用度的降低，可能是活性氧的减少， 氧化还原平衡的改善代表了瑜伽改善血管的生物学机制， 功能氧化应激的标志物在瑜伽中得到了改善;然而，免疫细胞是关键来源， 活性氧在高血压中的作用，在以前的瑜伽研究中还没有研究过。nadph氧化酶 通过增强活性氧清除一氧化氮加速高血压疾病进展 氧化物、受损的内皮依赖性血管舒张，以及导致的总外周阻力增加。 虽然NADPH氧化酶在有氧运动干预后下降，但这种关键酶从未被发现。 在瑜伽研究中探索。这项研究将探讨免疫细胞活性氧和NADPH 氧化酶作为生物学机制解释瑜伽的血管和血液动力学效应， 患有高血压或I期高血压的成年人（目标1）。作为对12周瑜伽干预的回应， 我们将探讨外周血单个核细胞中的活性氧和NADPH氧化酶作为主要的 蛋白质羰基化，氧化应激的结果，超氧化物歧化酶，抗氧化剂的标志物 能力，作为探索性成果。我们还将建立一个分子、血管和神经系统改变的时间轴。 血流动力学结果，以4周为间隔进行测量。我们假设氧化 压力标志物将在瑜伽干预后得到改善，这些变化将与 降低血压和增强内皮功能。因为瑜伽是姿势和速度的综合体， 深呼吸练习，我们还将描绘缓慢深呼吸在调节这些方面的作用。 机制性结局（子目标1）。缓慢的深呼吸本身就能使血液发生有利的变化 血压和血管功能。因此，我们假设，缓慢的深呼吸单独将是有效的， 瑜伽在改善BP相关的机械结果。这项研究是PI长期研究的第一步。 目标是描绘瑜伽可以降低风险或作为治疗干预的机制， 心血管疾病这项研究的重要性在于它可以确定免疫系统在以下方面的作用： 瑜伽改变高血压成人的临床结果。由于氧化应激也在其他疾病中发挥作用， 以破坏血管内稳态为标志，结果可能揭示瑜伽可以 也改善了其他条件。

Project Summary Hypertension is a pervasive disease with rising mortality rates in the U.S. Although complex, hypertension pathophysiology entails disruptions in vascular homeostasis driven by increased immune cell reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress. Yoga's blood pressure-lowering effects have been elucidated; however, the mechanisms are unknown. Our studies have found significant enhancements in flow-mediated dilation, a nitric oxide dependent measure of vascular health, following yoga interventions. As oxidative stress leads to reductions in nitric oxide bioavailability, it is possible that reductions in reactive oxygen species and improvements in redox homeostasis represent a biological mechanism by which yoga improves vascular function. Markers of oxidative stress have improved with yoga; however, immune cells, which are key sources of reactive oxygen species in hypertension, have not been investigated in prior yoga studies. NADPH oxidase expediates disease progression in hypertension via enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging of nitric oxide, compromised endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and resultant increases in total peripheral resistance. While NADPH oxidase has declined following aerobic exercise interventions, this key enzyme has never been explored in yoga research. The proposed study will investigate immune cell reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase as biological mechanisms accounting for yoga's vascular and hemodynamic effects in unmedicated adults with elevated blood pressure or stage I hypertension (Aim 1). In response to 12-week yoga interventions, we will explore reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as primary and protein carbonylation, a consequence of oxidative stress, and superoxide dismutase, a marker of antioxidant capacity, as exploratory outcomes. We will also establish a timeline of alterations in molecular, vascular, and hemodynamic outcomes by incorporating measurements at 4-week intervals. We hypothesize that oxidative stress markers will improve in response to the yoga intervention and these changes will be associated with reductions in blood pressure and enhanced endothelial function. As yoga is a composite of postures and slow, deep breathing practices, we will also delineate the contribution of slow deep breathing in modulating these mechanistic outcomes (Sub-Aim 1). Slow, deep breathing alone has resulted in favorable alterations in blood pressure and vascular function. We therefore postulate that slow deep breathing alone will be as effective as yoga in improving BP-related mechanistic outcomes. This study serves as an initial step in the PI's long-term goal of delineating mechanisms by which yoga could lower the risk of or serve as a therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases. This research is significant in that it could establish the role of the immune system in altering clinical outcomes with yoga in hypertensive adults. As oxidative stress also plays a role in other diseases marked by disruptions in vascular homeostasis, results could unveil a mechanism by which yoga could ameliorate other conditions as well.