Yoga Postures and Slow Deep Breathing in Altering Mechanistic Outcomes in Hypertension

项目摘要 高血压是一种普遍存在的疾病，在美国死亡率不断上升。 病理生理学导致免疫细胞活性氧增加导致血管动态平衡的破坏 物种和随后的氧化应激。瑜伽的降压作用已经被阐明； 然而，其机制尚不清楚。我们的研究发现，流媒体技术显著增强了 瑜伽干预后的血管扩张，这是一种依赖一氧化氮的血管健康指标。作为氧化应激 导致一氧化氮生物利用度的降低，可能是活性氧物种的减少和 氧化还原动态平衡的改善代表了瑜伽改善血管的生物学机制 功能。氧化应激的标记物在瑜伽中有所改善；然而，免疫细胞是关键的来源 在以前的瑜伽研究中，还没有对高血压中的活性氧类进行研究。NADPH氧化酶 通过增强对一氧化氮的清除来加速高血压的疾病进展 氧化，损害内皮依赖的血管扩张，以及由此导致的总外周阻力增加。 虽然NADPH氧化酶在有氧运动干预后有所下降，但这种关键酶从未 在瑜伽研究中进行了探索。这项拟议的研究将调查免疫细胞活性氧物种和NADPH 非药物瑜伽对血管和血流动力学影响的生物机制--氧化酶 血压升高或I期高血压的成年人(目标1)。作为对为期12周的瑜伽干预的回应， 我们将以外周血单个核细胞中的活性氧和NADPH氧化酶为主要研究对象 氧化应激导致的蛋白质羰化，以及抗氧化剂的标志物超氧化物歧化酶 能力，作为探索的结果。我们还将建立分子、血管和 每隔4周进行一次测量，以评估血流动力学结果。我们假设氧化剂 应激标记物将在瑜伽干预后改善，这些变化将与 降低血压和增强内皮功能。因为瑜伽是姿势和慢动作的混合体， 深呼吸练习，我们还将描述缓慢的深呼吸在调节这些方面的作用。 机械性成果(次级目标1)。仅缓慢的深呼吸就能使血液发生有利的变化。 血压和血管功能。因此，我们假设，仅缓慢的深呼吸就会和 瑜伽在改善与BP相关的机械性结果中的作用。这项研究是国际和平研究所长期发展的第一步 描述瑜伽可降低或作为治疗干预措施的风险的机制 心血管疾病。这项研究具有重要意义，因为它可以确定免疫系统在 通过瑜伽改变成人高血压患者的临床结果。因为氧化应激在其他疾病中也起作用 以血管动态平衡的破坏为标志，结果可能揭示瑜伽可以 还可以改善其他条件。

Project Summary Hypertension is a pervasive disease with rising mortality rates in the U.S. Although complex, hypertension pathophysiology entails disruptions in vascular homeostasis driven by increased immune cell reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress. Yoga's blood pressure-lowering effects have been elucidated; however, the mechanisms are unknown. Our studies have found significant enhancements in flow-mediated dilation, a nitric oxide dependent measure of vascular health, following yoga interventions. As oxidative stress leads to reductions in nitric oxide bioavailability, it is possible that reductions in reactive oxygen species and improvements in redox homeostasis represent a biological mechanism by which yoga improves vascular function. Markers of oxidative stress have improved with yoga; however, immune cells, which are key sources of reactive oxygen species in hypertension, have not been investigated in prior yoga studies. NADPH oxidase expediates disease progression in hypertension via enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging of nitric oxide, compromised endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and resultant increases in total peripheral resistance. While NADPH oxidase has declined following aerobic exercise interventions, this key enzyme has never been explored in yoga research. The proposed study will investigate immune cell reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase as biological mechanisms accounting for yoga's vascular and hemodynamic effects in unmedicated adults with elevated blood pressure or stage I hypertension (Aim 1). In response to 12-week yoga interventions, we will explore reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as primary and protein carbonylation, a consequence of oxidative stress, and superoxide dismutase, a marker of antioxidant capacity, as exploratory outcomes. We will also establish a timeline of alterations in molecular, vascular, and hemodynamic outcomes by incorporating measurements at 4-week intervals. We hypothesize that oxidative stress markers will improve in response to the yoga intervention and these changes will be associated with reductions in blood pressure and enhanced endothelial function. As yoga is a composite of postures and slow, deep breathing practices, we will also delineate the contribution of slow deep breathing in modulating these mechanistic outcomes (Sub-Aim 1). Slow, deep breathing alone has resulted in favorable alterations in blood pressure and vascular function. We therefore postulate that slow deep breathing alone will be as effective as yoga in improving BP-related mechanistic outcomes. This study serves as an initial step in the PI's long-term goal of delineating mechanisms by which yoga could lower the risk of or serve as a therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases. This research is significant in that it could establish the role of the immune system in altering clinical outcomes with yoga in hypertensive adults. As oxidative stress also plays a role in other diseases marked by disruptions in vascular homeostasis, results could unveil a mechanism by which yoga could ameliorate other conditions as well.