Mali ICEMR: Malaria Vector Ecology and Transmission Dynamics

马里 ICEMR：疟疾媒介生态学和传播动力学

• 批准号: 10381469
• 负责人: Sekou Fantamadi Traore
• 金额: $ 5.6万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF SCIENCES, TECH & TECH OF BAMAKO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-18 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10381469
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Africa; African; Agriculture; Anopheles Genus; Anopheles gambiae; Biology; Birds; Blood; Complex; Country; Culicidae; Development; Dimensions; Distant; Ecology; Entomology; Environment; Epidemiology; Falciparum Malaria; Feeding behaviors; Goals; Habitats; Human; Imagery; Infection; Insecticide Resistance; Interdisciplinary Study; Investigation; Link; Location; Malaria; Mali; Methods; Movement; Niger; Parasites; Plants; Plasmodium falciparum; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Rain; Research; Residual state; Resources; Rest; Rivers; Seasons; Site; Source; Testing; Validation; Vector Ecology; Vectorial capacity; Wolbachia; base; behavior influence; density; endosymbiont; evidence base; feeding; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary approach; malaria infection; malaria transmission; neglect; sugar; time use; tool; transmission process; vector; vector competence; vector control; vector management strategies; vector transmission

SUMMARY This project of the ICEMR focuses on the ecology of Anopheles malaria vector populations in Mali, West Africa, where, as in most African countries, current vector control tools used inside houses are not sufficient to achieve successful malaria control and local elimination. A better understanding of malaria vector and transmission ecology is needed. Research on malaria vectors is typically done in villages because this is where mosquitoes blood-feed on humans and transmit malaria parasites. Much less is known about how the ecology of vectors beyond the periphery of villages affects transmission. Key gaps in outside-village ecology that represent a major void in the understanding of transmission dynamics include: 1) sources and survival strategies of vector populations during the long dry season; 2) how vector survival and transmission potential are influenced by local environmental resources used for resting and sugar feeding; and 3) how recently- discovered natural infections of Wolbachia in anopheline mosquitoes may impact transmission. Therefore, the goal of this project is to investigate important neglected aspects of malaria vector and transmission field ecology at four sites in Mali, representing three major eco-zones that span the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Study sites are already well characterized with respect to vector populations, seasonal Plasmodium falciparum transmission, and malaria epidemiology. This project, which builds on extensive preliminary studies in Mali, includes three specific aims: 1) Evaluate how malaria vectors use limited natural and often cryptic habitats as refugia during the dry season and how these habitats serve as the source for population expansion with the onset of rains; 2) Determine how local environmental resources used for vector resting and sugar-feeding behavior impact malaria parasite transmission dynamics; and 3) Investigate the prevalence of Wolbachia and Plasmodium falciparum parasites in natural populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex in different ecological settings and experimentally test how Wolbachia affects vector competence. Innovative aspects include: First, preliminary results demonstrating isolated refugia along the River Niger, where during the dry season high densities of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes exist and actually feed predominantly on birds, gives confidence that an integrated approach (ground searches, camera mounted drones, and satellite imagery) can be used to identify and define cryptic dry season habitats that are sources of vector populations during the dry season. Second, this is the first study to address the question of how vector sugar-feeding and resting specifically on invasive and agricultural plants affects transmission. Third, this is the first longitudinal ecological study of Wolbachia infecting malaria vector populations in Africa, and the first to examine how Wolbachia infections impact vector competence. New insights how on vector ecology impacts transmission in three eco-zones in Mali will provide field-based evidence needed for understanding how to overcome major barriers to malaria elimination in West Africa. !

概括 ICEMR的这个项目重点介绍了西部马里的肛门疟疾媒介种群的生态 非洲，与大多数非洲国家一样，当前使用的媒介控制工具不足 实现成功的疟疾控制和局部消除。更好地了解疟疾媒介和 需要传播生态。疟疾媒介的研究通常在村庄中进行，因为这是 蚊子对人类进行血液喂养并传播疟疾寄生虫。关于如何 乡村周围以外的向量的生态会影响传播。外部村庄生态学的关键差距 在理解传输动力学方面代表了主要空隙包括：1）来源和生存 长期干旱季节矢量种群的策略； 2）矢量生存和传播潜力如何 受到静息和糖进食的当地环境资源的影响； 3）最近有多 发现沃尔巴氏菌在蚊子蚊子中发现的自然感染可能会影响传播。因此， 该项目的目标是调查疟疾矢量和传输场的重要忽视方面 马里的四个地点的生态学，代表了跨撒哈拉以南萨赫勒地区的三个主要生态区。 研究地点已经在矢量种群，季节性疟原虫恶性疟原虫方面已经很好地表征 传播和疟疾流行病学。这个项目以马里的广泛初步研究为基础 包括三个具体目的：1）评估疟疾媒介如何使用有限的天然和经常神秘的栖息地为 在干旱季节的避难以及这些栖息地如何作为人口扩展的来源 下雨的发作； 2）确定当地环境资源如何用于矢量休息和供水 行为影响疟疾寄生虫传播动力学； 3）调查沃尔巴基亚和 在不同的冈比亚复合物的天然种群中，恶性疟原虫在不同 生态环境和实验测试沃尔巴奇如何影响向量能力。创新方面 包括：首先，初步结果表明沿着尼日尔河孤立的避难所，在干燥期间 季节高密度的冈比亚复合物蚊子存在，实际上主要供给 鸟类对综合方法充满信心（地面搜索，相机安装的无人机和卫星 图像）可用于识别和定义神秘的旱季栖息地，这些栖息地是矢量种群的来源 在干旱季节。其次，这是第一个解决矢量喂食和如何喂食和 专门基于侵入性和农业植物会影响传播。第三，这是第一个纵向 沃尔巴氏菌感染疟疾载体种群的生态研究，第一个研究如何 Wolbachia感染会影响媒介能力。新见解是媒介生态学如何影响传播 马里的三个生态区将提供基于现场的证据，以了解如何克服主要 西非消除疟疾的障碍。 呢