Changes in Alcohol Use and Harsh Parenting during COVID-19

项目摘要 酒精使用在虐待性父母的病因学中的作用是一个重要的已知风险。的COVID-19 大流行病是一场健康、经济和社会危机，它从根本上改变了对养育子女的支持， 特别是因为许多父母可能已经失去了工作，或者不得不在家里工作，同时监视他们的孩子。 儿童的虚拟和/或混合学校教育。此外，COVID-19相关的痛苦与饮酒有关- 相关的应对，这反过来又与增加的频率和数量的酒精使用。虽然全面的影响 可能是不知道多年来，很可能是增加亲子时间在家里可能意味着增加 在虐待和忽视儿童，这是隐藏的授权记者谁是一个重要的前线防御， 保持儿童安全（例如，教师、托儿服务提供者）。在我们的创新研究中，我们直接询问母亲们 关于他们使用攻击性和惩罚性的父母行为（与虐待儿童忽视有关） 从2020年3月中旬到4月，在俄亥俄州的居家命令期间， 在2021年2月期间，在疫苗接种广泛普及之前，当大多数学校都是混合或完全混合时， 虚拟格式。因此，我们对父母教养方式变化的理解并不依赖于官方的虐童报告 以及在COVID-19大流行期间的疏忽。这项拟议中的研究利用了现有的两波数据 通过增加第三波俄亥俄州中部母亲的数据收集，评估酒精使用和养育子女的情况 在大多数社交距离和其他COVID-19限制取消后6-12个月发生的行为。 这代表了一个独特的机会，以评估酒精的使用如何改变和影响使用侵略性 以及COVID-19疫情期间和之后的惩罚性纪律。重要的是，我们的研究结合了 基线调查和生态瞬时评估，以评估过去一年和- 即时压力、饮酒和养育行为。这为我们提供了重要的信息， 行为，同时也能够评估日常饮酒的微观变化， 在取消社交距离和其他流行病限制期间和之后，父母养育子女。具体目标 的研究是： 目的1：研究COVID-19大流行三个时间点的饮酒行为变化：（1） 在俄亥俄州的第一个呆在家里的命令;（2）大约一年的大流行;和（3）6-12个月后，重新- 开放发生; 目的2：测试大流行期间和大流行后每天饮酒是否与当时的攻击性和 惩罚性父母;以及 目的3：研究每天饮酒是否会调节当前压力和攻击性之间的关系。 以及在重新开放时是否会发生变化。

PROJECT SUMMARY The role of alcohol use in the etiology of abusive parenting is a significant known risk. The COVID-19 pandemic is a health, economic, and social crisis that has radically changed supports available for parenting, particularly as many parents may have lost jobs or had to navigate working from home while monitoring their child(ren)’s virtual and/or hybrid schooling. Further, COVID-19-related distress is associated with drinking- related coping, which in turn is related to increased frequency and quantity of alcohol use. While the full impact may not be known for years, it is likely that increased parent-child time within the home may mean an increase in child abuse and neglect that is hidden from mandated reporters who are an important front-line defense in keeping children safe (e.g., teachers, childcare providers). In our innovative study, we asked mothers directly about their use of aggressive and punitive parenting practices (which correlate with use of child abuse neglect) three times a day for 14 days mid-March through April 2020, during Ohio’s stay-at home orders and again during February 2021, before vaccinations were widely available and when most schools were in hybrid or fully virtual formats. Thus, our understanding of changes in parenting do not rely on official reports of child abuse and neglect during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed study capitalizes on two existing waves of data collection by adding a third wave of data of mothers in Central Ohio that assesses alcohol use and parenting behaviors to occur 6–12 months after most social distancing and other COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted. This represents a unique opportunity to assess how alcohol use has changed and affected use of aggressive and punitive discipline during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, our study combines use of a baseline survey and Ecological Momentary Assessment for all three time periods to assess past year and at- the-moment stress, drinking, and parenting behaviors. This provides us with important information on behaviors pre-pandemic while also being able to assess micro-temporal changes in daily alcohol use and parenting during and after social distancing and other pandemic restrictions have been lifted. The specific aims of the study are: Aim 1: Examine change in drinking behaviors during three time points of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) during Ohio’s first stay-at-home orders; (2) about one year into the pandemic; and (3) 6–12 months after re- opening occurred; Aim 2: Test whether daily drinking during and post-pandemic were related to at-the-moment aggressive and punitive parenting; and Aim 3: Investigate if daily drinking moderates the relationship between at-the-moment stress and aggressive and punitive parenting during the pandemic and if that changes when re-opening has occurred.