Project 4: Biophysics of Mtb droplets and fluid spray technology to elucidate Mtb transmission

项目 4：结核分枝杆菌飞沫生物物理学和液体喷雾技术，以阐明结核分枝杆菌传播

• 批准号: 10404534
• 负责人: Lydia Bourouiba
• 金额: $ 40.93万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-13 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10404534
• 关键词: Address; Aerobic; Aerosols; Air; Animal Model; Animals; BCG Live; Back; Behavior; Biology; Biophysics; Carbon Dioxide; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Controlled Study; Coughing; Desiccation; Development; Dose; Encapsulated; Environment; Evolution; Exercise; Experimental Animal Model; Fluids and Secretions; Formulation; Generations; Genes; Genus Mycobacterium; Humidity; Hydration status; In Vitro; Inhalation; Intervention; Knowledge; Light; Liquid substance; Mathematics; Metabolic Pathway; Microbiology; Modeling; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Organism; Persons; Physics; Physiological; Physiology; Property; Rehydrations; Resolution; Respiration; Respiratory Disease; Rest; Rheology; Shapes; Sneezing; Solid; Surface Tension; Suspensions; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Tuberculosis; Vaccines; Variant; Work; disease transmission; evaporation; experimental study; improved; insight; interfacial; mutant; mycobacterial; new technology; novel; phase change; physical process; physical property; respiratory; transmission process; viscoelasticity

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), kills more people than any other infectious disease each year. This is due, in large part, to its ability to spread from person to person through air with an estimated infectious dose as low as one organism. Knowledge of the specific physico-chemical conditions associated with Mtb's successful transmission through air from one host to another however remains surprisingly incomplete. This project proposes to use applied mathematics, rheology, interfacial physics, and novel fluid dynamics and droplet biophysics technologies to fill critical gaps in knowledge about the in-host and between-host microenvironment of respirable droplets that can transmit Mtb. Knowledge of such properties represents a conceptually powerful window into microbiological determinants of tuberculosis (TB) transmission and novel transmission blocking interventions. These studies thus not only promise to shed light on the fundamental environmental challenges faced by Mtb during its journey from one host to others, but, in collaboration with other projects and cores in this application, will also enable the development of new and sorely needed technologies for improved in vitro and animal models with which to enable experimental studies of TB transmission and novel transmission blocking interventions.

摘要 结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）是结核病（TB）的病原体， 每年的传染病。这在很大程度上是由于它能够通过空气在人与人之间传播 估计感染剂量低至一个有机体。具体的物理化学知识 然而，与结核分枝杆菌通过空气从一个宿主成功传播到另一个宿主有关的条件 令人惊讶的不完整。该项目建议使用应用数学、流变学、界面 物理学，以及新颖的流体动力学和液滴生物物理学技术，以填补知识的关键空白， 可吸入飞沫的宿主内和宿主间微环境可传播结核分枝杆菌。知识 这些特性在概念上为了解结核病的微生物决定因素提供了强有力的窗口 (TB)传输和新型传输阻断干预。因此，这些研究不仅承诺 了解结核病在从一个宿主到另一个宿主的过程中所面临的基本环境挑战，但是， 与该应用程序中的其他项目和核心合作，还将开发新的 迫切需要改进体外和动物模型的技术，以便能够进行实验研究 结核病传播和新型传播阻断干预措施。