Cell polarity, asymmetric cell division and differentiation in plants.

植物中的细胞极性、不对称细胞分裂和分化。

• 批准号: 10417130
• 负责人: Juan Dong
• 金额: $ 39.25万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10417130
• 关键词: Air; Arabidopsis; Biochemistry; Biological; Cell Differentiation process; Cell Polarity; Cell division; Cell membrane; Cells; Cellular biology; Development; Epidermis; Genetic; Goals; Investigation; Link; Membrane; Methods; Molecular; Organism; Pattern; Phospholipids; Plant Leaves; Plants; Process; Proteins; Proteomics; Research; Signal Transduction; Stomas; Structure; System; cell type; daughter cell; design; genetic analysis; human stem cells; phosphoproteomics; polarized cell; stem cells; trafficking

PROJECT SUMMARY Generating diverse progenies from a limited number of progenitor cells is a significant challenge for multicellular organisms. The progenitor cells continuously renew themselves while generating new cell types; this process requires asymmetric cell divisions (ACD), a hallmark of stem cells. A key process during ACD is the cellular polarization of progenitor cells. The long-term goal of the research is to elucidate the design principles that govern cellular polarization and cell fate differentiation in plant ACD. The formation and patterning of stomata in plants require precisely controlled ACDs. The Arabidopsis stomata system provides an excellent platform to study the mechanisms for ACD in plants, because these divisions are stereotypic and highly predictable, and the leaf epidermis exposed in the air is readily accessible to genetic characterization and cellular examination. The PI identified the first intrinsic polarity protein in Arabidopsis, BASL (Break Asymmetry of the Stomatal Lineages), that controls ACD by its highly polarized distribution at the plasma membrane. However, how the cortical BASL polarity domain is defined and how cell polarity regulates stomatal ACD remain largely elusive. The proposed studies will apply a comprehensive approach combining genetics, biochemistry, advanced cell biology, and proteomic/phosphoproteomic methods to (1) understand how vesicular trafficking controls targeted membrane delivery to promote the polarization of stomatal ACD cells and (2) determine how polarity-driven, asymmetrically distributed endosomal activity differentiates two daughter cells in plant ACD. The molecular mechanisms under investigation involve protein polarization, endomembrane trafficking, phospholipid signaling, and crosstalk between signal transduction and endosomal function in cell polarization and asymmetric cell division, all of which are clearly related to the studies of human stem cell activity and function.

项目概要 从有限数量的祖细胞中产生不同的后代对于多细胞来说是一个重大挑战 有机体。祖细胞不断自我更新，同时产生新的细胞类型；这个过程 需要不对称细胞分裂（ACD），这是干细胞的标志。 ACD 过程中的一个关键过程是细胞 祖细胞的极化。研究的长期目标是阐明设计原则 控制植物 ACD 中的细胞极化和细胞命运分化。 植物气孔的形成和图案需要精确控制的 ACD。拟南芥气孔 系统为研究植物 ACD 机制提供了一个极好的平台，因为这些划分是 刻板且高度可预测，暴露在空气中的叶表皮很容易受到遗传影响 表征和细胞检查。 PI 鉴定出拟南芥中第一个内在极性蛋白 BASL （打破气孔谱系的不对称性），通过其在等离子体中的高度极化分布来控制 ACD 膜。然而，皮质 BASL 极性域是如何定义的以及细胞极性如何调节气孔 ACD 在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。拟议的研究将采用结合遗传学的综合方法， 生物化学、高级细胞生物学和蛋白质组学/磷酸化蛋白质组学方法，以 (1) 了解囊泡如何 运输控制靶向膜递送以促进气孔 ACD 细胞的极化和 (2) 确定极性驱动的、不对称分布的内体活性如何区分两个子细胞 植物 ACD。 正在研究的分子机制涉及蛋白质极化、内膜运输、 磷脂信号传导以及细胞极化中信号转导和内体功能之间的串扰 和不对称细胞分裂，所有这些都明显与人类干细胞活性的研究有关 功能。