Role of preexisting immunity on airborne transmission of influenza viruses

总结：预先存在的免疫力对空气传播的作用 甲型流感病毒的传播 流感病毒通过季节性流行和散发性流行对公共卫生构成重大威胁。 流行病流感病毒在流行病学上的成功依赖于它的传播能力 有效地通过空气和导航三个不同的空间：1）供体，2）环境 和3）接受者（Lakdawala和Subbarao Nature Medicine 2012）。第一次感染 流感病毒会留下持久的免疫力，病毒可以通过 抗原漂移和转移。我们使用雪貂模型公布的数据显示， 对2009年H1N1大流行病毒感染的免疫保护受体动物免受空气传播的感染， 季节性H3N2流感病毒的传播（Le Sage et al PLoS Pathogens 2021）。我们 假设预先存在免疫力可以影响对流行性流感的易感性 菌株不依赖于中和抗体。为了了解预先存在的免疫力在 防止空气传播，目标1将确定免疫和病毒因素 对空气传播的潜在易感性。每个流感季节，全人群 免疫触发病毒抗原进化，Aim 2将确定抗原漂移对 对流感病毒传播的易感性。目标3将研究不同的 疫苗平台对漂移流感病毒株的易感性。该提案将提供一个 更好地了解抑制流感病毒传播所需的免疫保护 并为有效的通用疫苗策略提供信息。

SUMMARY: Role of Pre-existing Immunity on Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Viruses Influenza viruses pose a major public health threat through both seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics. The epidemiological success of influenza viruses relies on its ability to spread efficiently through the air and navigate three distinct spaces: 1) the donor, 2) the environment and 3) the recipient (Lakdawala and Subbarao Nature Medicine 2012). The first infection with influenza viruses leaves a long-lasting immunity, which can be evaded by the virus through antigenic drift and shift. Our published data using the ferret model shows that pre-existing immunity from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus infection protects recipient animals from airborne transmission of a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (Le Sage et al PLoS Pathogens 2021). We hypothesize that pre-existing immunity can influence susceptibility to circulating influenza strains independent of neutralizing antibody. To understand the role of pre-existing immunity in protection against airborne transmission, Aim 1 will identify immunological and viral factors underlying susceptibility to airborne transmission. Each influenza season, population-wide immunity triggers viral antigenic evolution, Aim 2 will determine the impact of antigenic drift on the susceptibility to influenza virus transmission. Aim 3 will examine the impact of different vaccine platforms on susceptibility to drifted influenza virus strains. This proposal will provide a better understanding of the immune protection needed to dampen influenza virus transmission and inform effective universal vaccine strategies.