Role of preexisting immunity on airborne transmission of influenza viruses

预先存在的免疫力对流感病毒空气传播的作用

• 批准号: 10765989
• 负责人: Seema S. Lakdawala
• 金额: $ 63.78万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-01 至 2027-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10765989
• 关键词: Age; Air; Animal Model; Animals; Antibodies; Attenuated; Cellular Immunity; Data; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Evolution; Exposure to; Ferrets; Future; Goals; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; Immunologic Factors; Immunologics; Immunology; Individual; Infection; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza A virus; Letters; Longevity; Medicine; Modeling; Mucosal Immune Responses; Nature; Pathogenesis; Peripheral; Population; Predisposition; Public Health; Publishing; Regimen; Research; Role; Seasons; Shapes; T-Lymphocyte; Tissues; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Viral; Viral Proteins; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; animal model development; cross reactivity; fitness; flu transmission; influenza virus strain; influenzavirus; neutralizing antibody; new pandemic; novel; pandemic disease; pandemic virus; pathogen; pressure; prevent; respiratory virus; seasonal influenza; success; transmission process; universal vaccine; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine efficacy; vaccine platform; vaccine strategy; viral transmission; virology

SUMMARY: Role of Pre-existing Immunity on Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Viruses Influenza viruses pose a major public health threat through both seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics. The epidemiological success of influenza viruses relies on its ability to spread efficiently through the air and navigate three distinct spaces: 1) the donor, 2) the environment and 3) the recipient (Lakdawala and Subbarao Nature Medicine 2012). The first infection with influenza viruses leaves a long-lasting immunity, which can be evaded by the virus through antigenic drift and shift. Our published data using the ferret model shows that pre-existing immunity from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus infection protects recipient animals from airborne transmission of a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (Le Sage et al PLoS Pathogens 2021). We hypothesize that pre-existing immunity can influence susceptibility to circulating influenza strains independent of neutralizing antibody. To understand the role of pre-existing immunity in protection against airborne transmission, Aim 1 will identify immunological and viral factors underlying susceptibility to airborne transmission. Each influenza season, population-wide immunity triggers viral antigenic evolution, Aim 2 will determine the impact of antigenic drift on the susceptibility to influenza virus transmission. Aim 3 will examine the impact of different vaccine platforms on susceptibility to drifted influenza virus strains. This proposal will provide a better understanding of the immune protection needed to dampen influenza virus transmission and inform effective universal vaccine strategies.

摘要：预先存在的豁免权对机载的作用 甲型流感病毒的传播 流感病毒通过季节性流行和零星传播对公共卫生构成重大威胁。 大流行。流感病毒在流行病学上的成功有赖于其传播能力 有效地通过空气并在三个不同的空间中导航：1)捐赠者，2)环境 3)接受者(拉克达瓦拉和苏巴拉奥自然医学，2012年)。第一次感染 流感病毒留下了一种持久的免疫力，这种免疫力可以通过 抗原漂移和移位。我们使用雪貂模型发布的数据表明，预先存在的 对2009年H1N1大流行病毒感染的免疫力保护受体动物免受空气传播 季节性H3N2型流感病毒的传播(Le Sage等人的PLoS病原体，2021年)。我们 假设先前存在的免疫力会影响对流行性感冒的易感性 不依赖中和抗体的菌株。要了解预先存在的豁免权在 针对空气传播的保护，目标1将确定免疫和病毒因素 对空气传播的潜在易感性。每个流感季节，全人口 免疫触发病毒抗原进化，AIM 2将确定抗原漂移对病毒的影响 对流感病毒传播的敏感性。目标3将研究不同的影响 疫苗平台对漂移的流感病毒株的敏感性。这项提议将提供一种 更好地了解抑制流感病毒传播所需的免疫保护 并为有效的通用疫苗战略提供信息。