Role of preexisting immunity on airborne transmission of influenza viruses

预先存在的免疫力对流感病毒空气传播的作用

• 批准号: 10765989
• 负责人: Seema S. Lakdawala
• 金额: $ 63.78万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-01 至 2027-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10765989
• 关键词: Age; Air; Animal Model; Animals; Antibodies; Attenuated; Cellular Immunity; Data; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Evolution; Exposure to; Ferrets; Future; Goals; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; Immunologic Factors; Immunologics; Immunology; Individual; Infection; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza A virus; Letters; Longevity; Medicine; Modeling; Mucosal Immune Responses; Nature; Pathogenesis; Peripheral; Population; Predisposition; Public Health; Publishing; Regimen; Research; Role; Seasons; Shapes; T-Lymphocyte; Tissues; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Viral; Viral Proteins; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; animal model development; cross reactivity; fitness; flu transmission; influenza virus strain; influenzavirus; neutralizing antibody; new pandemic; novel; pandemic disease; pandemic virus; pathogen; pressure; prevent; respiratory virus; seasonal influenza; success; transmission process; universal vaccine; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine efficacy; vaccine platform; vaccine strategy; viral transmission; virology

SUMMARY: Role of Pre-existing Immunity on Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Viruses Influenza viruses pose a major public health threat through both seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics. The epidemiological success of influenza viruses relies on its ability to spread efficiently through the air and navigate three distinct spaces: 1) the donor, 2) the environment and 3) the recipient (Lakdawala and Subbarao Nature Medicine 2012). The first infection with influenza viruses leaves a long-lasting immunity, which can be evaded by the virus through antigenic drift and shift. Our published data using the ferret model shows that pre-existing immunity from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus infection protects recipient animals from airborne transmission of a seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (Le Sage et al PLoS Pathogens 2021). We hypothesize that pre-existing immunity can influence susceptibility to circulating influenza strains independent of neutralizing antibody. To understand the role of pre-existing immunity in protection against airborne transmission, Aim 1 will identify immunological and viral factors underlying susceptibility to airborne transmission. Each influenza season, population-wide immunity triggers viral antigenic evolution, Aim 2 will determine the impact of antigenic drift on the susceptibility to influenza virus transmission. Aim 3 will examine the impact of different vaccine platforms on susceptibility to drifted influenza virus strains. This proposal will provide a better understanding of the immune protection needed to dampen influenza virus transmission and inform effective universal vaccine strategies.

摘要：先前存在的免疫力在机载中的作用 流感病毒的传播 流感病毒通过季节性流行和零星构成了重大的公共卫生威胁 大流行。流感病毒的流行病学成功取决于其传播的能力 有效地通过空气并浏览三个不同的空间：1）供体，2）环境 3）接受者（Lakdawala和Subbarao Nature Medicine 2012）。第一次感染 流感病毒留下了长期的免疫力，可以通过病毒通过 抗原漂移和转移。我们使用雪貂模型发布的数据显示了已有的 2009年H1N1大流行病毒感染的免疫力可保护受体动物免受空降 季节性H3N2流感病毒的传播（Le Sa​​ge等人Plos病原体2021）。我们 假设先前存在的免疫力会影响循环流感的敏感性 与中和抗体无关的菌株。了解预先存在免疫力的作用 防止空气传播的保护，AIM 1将识别免疫学和病毒因素 对空气传播的基本敏感性。每个流感季节，整个人口 免疫力触发病毒抗原演化，AIM 2将确定抗原漂移对 流感病毒传播的敏感性。 AIM 3将检查不同的影响 疫苗平台对流动流感病毒菌株的易感性。该建议将提供 更好地理解潮湿流感病毒传播所需的免疫保护 并告知有效的通用疫苗策略。