Advanced Modelling Platform with Moving Ventricular Walls for Increasing Speed to Market of Heart Pumps

左心室辅助装置（LVAD）是帮助晚期心力衰竭（HF）患者的重要医疗器械。将创新的心脏泵推向市场是一个漫长的过程，通常需要10年以上的时间。由于泵运行的真实心血管系统（CS）的复杂性以及用于在体内测试之前确定泵性能的当前分析工具的局限性，开发时间延长。本项目将通过创新的LVAD和CS耦合模型消除这些限制，捕获左心室（LV）和瓣膜开口的运动心室壁（MVW）。了解LVAD如何在预期用于体内动物试验和严重心力衰竭（SHF）或恢复期患者的生理脉动流条件范围内工作，通常动物模型在生理上与SHF患者显著不同，并且制造商使用其他技术，例如计算流体动力学（CFD）和模拟循环（ML），以提供将VAD用于人体试验的信心。了解生理学允许在设备控制器中实现复杂的算法，以定制治疗并警告临床医生潜在的不良事件（AE）。Calon通过合作伙伴关系为LVAD创建了强大的CFD建模能力，Calon开发了零维（0D）数学CS模型，其中包含LVAD。这使得Calon能够模拟通过泵的流量，并分析脉动条件下的剪切应力、停留时间和血液损伤。我们已经用简化的模型表明，需要包括MVW，当它进入泵入口时，它会扰动流体。Calon将开发一个带有MVW和泵的LV的3D耦合CFD模型。0D模型将定义进出阀门的流量，这将形成CFD模型的边界条件。心脏的运动将来自心脏成像。0D模型将利用患者群体的数据进一步开发，使Calon能够更好地了解泵在现实流变学和生理学中的性能，这将最终提高LVAD的安全性。此外，Calon将对生成的数据和可用文献进行审查，以探索用于改善患者结局和帮助临床医生的算法。

Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) are vital medical devices in aiding patients with advanced Heart Failure (HF). Bringing innovative heart pumps to market is a lengthy process, typically taking \>10 years. Development times are extended due to the complexity of the real-world cardiovascular system (CS), in which the pump operates, and limitations in current analytical tools for determining pump performance prior to _in vivo_ testing. This project will remove these limitations with an innovative coupled LVAD and CS model, capturing the Moving Ventricular Wall (MVW) of the Left Ventricle (LV) and valve openings.Understanding how an LVAD works across the range of physiological pulsatile flow conditions expected for _in vivo_ animal tests and patients with Severe Heart Failure (SHF) or in recovery, is critical to the successful launch of an LVAD.Often animal models are significantly different physiologically from SHF patients and manufacturers use other techniques such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Mock Loops (MLs) to provide confidence to take a VAD to human trials. Understanding physiology allows complex algorithms to be implemented within the device controller to tailor treatments and warn clinicians of potential Adverse Events (AEs).Calon, through partnerships, has created a robust CFD modelling capability for LVADs and Calon has developed a zero-dimensional (0D) mathematical CS model, incorporating the LVAD. This allows Calon to simulate flows through the pump and analyse shear stress, residence time and blood damage in pulsatile conditions. We have shown, with simplistic models, the need to include MVWs, which perturbs the fluid as it enters the pump inlet.Calon will develop a 3D coupled CFD model of the LV with MVWs and the pump in situ. The 0D model will define the flow in and out of the valves, which will form the boundary conditions for the CFD model. The movement of the heart will be derived from cardiac imaging. The 0D model will befurther developed with data from patient populations, allowing Calon to better understand the performance of the pump in realistic rheology and physiology, which will ultimately improve the safety of the LVAD. Furthermore, Calon will conduct a review of the data generated and the available literature to explore algorithms used to improve patient outcomes and aid clinicians.