THE URBAN BURDEN OF DISEASE ESTIMATION FOR POLICY MAKING

在欧洲，超过70%的人口生活在城市地区。长期以来，人们一直认为城市是社会创新和创造财富的主要引擎，但它们也是污染、疾病和死亡的主要来源，这在某种程度上与城市和交通规划做法欠佳有关。拟议的工作旨在改善对环境压力因素的健康影响和社会经济成本和/或效益的估计，推进方法学方法，并促进将其作为城市地区的共同良好做法，以帮助加强城市，国家和欧盟层面的循证决策。我们将关注近1000个城市和环境压力因素，包括空气污染、噪音、温度/热量和缺乏绿色空间，但我们也将把身体活动作为健康的主要决定因素，并在影响评估中研究性别和不平等的影响。我们的目标是建立一个每3年更新一次的系统，以便能够监测进展情况。它将广泛吸收利益攸关方参与，并进行知识转化。我们将采用跨学科和系统的方法，汇集了一个团队，其中包括城市和交通规划，环境和公共卫生，经济学，零售和商业，教育部门，政策分析，知识翻译和参与公民和非政府组织的专家和从业人员。

In Europe, more than 70% of the population lives in urban areas. Cities have long been known to be society’s predominant engine of innovation and wealth creation, yet they are also a main source of pollution, disease and mortality, which is to some extent linked to suboptimal urban and transport planning practices. The proposed work aims to improve the estimation of health impacts and socioeconomic costs and/or benefits of environmental stressors, advance methodological approaches and foster their acceptance as common good practice for urban areas, to help strengthen evidence-based policy making at city, national and EU level. We will focus on nearly 1000 cities and environmental stressors including air pollution, noise, temperature/heat and lack of green space but we will also include physical activity as a main determinant of health and examine the effects of gender and inequality in the impact estimations. We aim to produce a system that will provide updates every 3 years to be able to monitor progress. It will extensively involve stakeholders and conduct knowledge translation. We will use transdisciplinary and systemic approaches bringing together a team of, amongst others, experts and practitioners in urban and transport planning, environment and public health, economics, retail and business, education sector, policy analysis, knowledge translation and involve citizens and NGOs.