Tracking adaptive evolution in real time in an invasive fruit fly

实时跟踪入侵果蝇的适应性进化

• 批准号: 10438436
• 负责人: Priscilla A Erickson
• 金额: $ 41.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10438436
• 关键词: Address; Africa; African American population; Alleles; American; Animal Model; Biodiversity; Bioinformatics; Biological; Biological Process; Biology; Chromosomes; Climate; Collection; Connecticut; Data; Data Set; Detection; Disease; Drosophila genus; Environment; Evolution; Excision; Experimental Designs; Florida; Food; Frequencies; Future; Gene Frequency; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Polymorphism; Genome; Genomics; Geography; Goals; Habitats; Haplotypes; Health; Human; Individual; Insecta; Laboratories; Lead; Locales; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Medical; Modeling; Morphology; Mutation; North America; Organism; Personal Satisfaction; Phenotype; Population; Population Sizes; Positioning Attribute; Process; Quebec; Research; Research Design; Resources; Sampling; Seasons; Signal Transduction; Testing; Time; Tissue-Specific Gene Expression; Variant; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virginia; disease-causing mutation; experience; experimental study; fly; genetic evolution; genomic locus; life history; novel; predictive test; social; stress tolerance; time use; transcriptome sequencing; transcriptomics; undergraduate student

PROJECT SUMMARY Invasive species, which can carry diseases, decimate food crops and threaten biodiversity, are immensely successful in new environments, but the biological mechanisms that enable their spread remain elusive. Some invasive species show signs of rapid adaptation to new habitats, but few studies have captured post-invasion adaptation in real time. Additionally, invasive species colonizing multiple habitats simultaneously offer the opportunity to study the longstanding question of whether evolution is predictable. To understand how quickly and predictably organisms adapt to newly colonized environments, detailed genomic studies of repeated incipient invasions are necessary. In this study, we will genetically and phenotypically characterize North American populations of the African Fig Fly, Zaprionus indianus, to test for local adaptation and parallel evolution in its ongoing invasion. This tractable model organism arrived in North America less than two decades ago and rapidly spread. Our data suggest it is locally extirpated from temperate habitats each winter and re-colonizes these locales each spring. Our central hypothesis is that Z. indianus undergoes predictable post-colonization adaptation across multiple locations and years, resulting in repeated changes in allele frequencies and ecologically relevant phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we will collect, sequence, and phenotype isolates from along the East Coast of North America and from two focal Virginia orchards over multiple years. In Aim 1, we will quantify genetic and phenotypic variation in North American populations by generating pooled sequencing of populations collected along a latitudinal gradient to test for clinally varying polymorphisms over two sampling years. We will also phenotype lines collected at different latitudes to test for clinal differences in morphological, life-history, and stress tolerance phenotypes. Repeated clinal and phenotypic differentiation would present evidence for rapid adaptation to local environments. In Aim 2, we will sample and sequence flies from two geographically separate Virginia orchards over three growing seasons to test for alleles and phenotypes that predictably change following invasion. These experiments will allow us to identify the genomic targets of post-invasion adaptation and quantify the predictability of evolution. In Aim 3, we will characterize the putative target of a recent selective sweep in North American flies: a 600 kb haplotype that is common in Virginia, intermediate frequency in Florida, and not found in Africa. We will generate outbred populations fixed for alternate alleles and perform RNAseq to test for differential gene expression associated with alternate haplotypes. Phenotyping experiments will explore the potential functional targets of this sweep, allowing us to dissect the biological function of a genomic signal of selection. Collectively, these experiments will take a multipronged approach to test for post-invasion adaptation and parallel evolution in real time. This study will provide a framework to understanding rapid adaptation to novel environments and predicting evolutionary trajectories of future invasive species, which may lead to solutions to control their spread.

项目摘要 入侵物种可以携带疾病，摧毁粮食作物并威胁生物多样性， 在新的环境中成功，但使其传播的生物机制仍然难以捉摸。一些 入侵物种表现出迅速适应新栖息地的迹象，但很少有研究捕捉到入侵后的情况。 适应真实的时间。此外，入侵物种同时在多个栖息地定居， 这是一个研究进化是否可预测的长期问题的机会。为了了解 生物适应新的殖民环境，详细的基因组研究重复 早期的入侵是必要的。在这项研究中，我们将从遗传学和表型上表征北 美洲种群的非洲无花果蝇，Zaprionus indianus，以测试当地的适应性和平行 在不断的入侵中进化。这种易驾驭的模式生物在不到两个月的时间里就到达了北美。 几十年前，并迅速蔓延。我们的数据表明，每年冬天， 并在每年春天重新在这些地方定居我们的中心假设是Z.印第安纳州经历了可预测的 在多个地点和年份的殖民后适应，导致等位基因的重复变化， 频率和生态相关的表型。为了验证这一假设，我们将收集，测序， 表型分离物来自沿着北美东海岸和两个重点弗吉尼亚果园， 好几年了在目标1中，我们将通过以下方法量化北美人群的遗传和表型变异： 产生沿沿着纬度梯度收集的群体的合并测序，以测试临床变化 多态性超过两个采样年。我们还将在不同纬度收集表型系，以测试 在形态学、生活史和胁迫耐受性表型方面的临床差异。反复倾斜， 表型分化将提供迅速适应当地环境的证据。在目标2中，我们将 样本和序列苍蝇从两个地理上分开的弗吉尼亚州果园在三个生长季节， 检测在入侵后可预测变化的等位基因和表型。这些实验将使我们能够 确定入侵后适应的基因组目标，并量化进化的可预测性。在目标3中， 我们将描述最近在北美果蝇中进行的选择性扫描的假定目标：一个600 kb的单倍型 这在弗吉尼亚州很常见，在佛罗里达是中频，在非洲没有发现。我们会培育出 群体固定为交替等位基因，并进行RNAseq以测试与基因表达相关的差异基因表达。 交替的单倍型。表型实验将探索这种扫描的潜在功能靶标， 让我们能够剖析基因组选择信号的生物学功能。总的来说，这些实验 将采取多管齐下的方法来测试入侵后的适应和真实的平行进化。这 这项研究将提供一个框架，以了解快速适应新的环境和预测 未来入侵物种的进化轨迹，这可能会导致控制其传播的解决方案。

项目成果

Spatial and temporal variation in abundance of introduced African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the eastern United States.

美国东部引进的非洲无花果蝇（Zaprionus indianus）（双翅目：果蝇科）丰度的时空变化。

• DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534156
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
• 作者: Rakes,LoganM;Delamont,Megan;Cole,Christine;Yates,JillianA;Blevins,LynseyJo;Hassan,FatimaNaureen;Bergland,AlanO;Erickson,PriscillaA
• 通讯作者: Erickson,PriscillaA

A small survey of introduced Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in orchards of the eastern United States.

• DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead092
• 发表时间: 2023-09-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Rakes, Logan M;Delamont, Megan;Cole, Christine;Yates, Jillian A;Blevins, Lynsey J;Hassan, Fatima Naureen;Bergland, Alan O;Erickson, Priscilla A
• 通讯作者: Erickson, Priscilla A