ARBOVIRUS CIRCULATION AND DIVERSITY OF MOSQUITO VECTORS ACROSS HABITATS IN THE GAMBIA

冈比亚各栖息地的虫媒病毒传播和蚊媒多样性

• 批准号: 10437894
• 负责人: Gillian Eastwood
• 金额: $ 6.3万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-24 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10437894
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Aedes; Affect; Africa; Anopheles Genus; Antibodies; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Attention; Awareness; Blood Circulation; Catalogs; Clinical; Cold Chains; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Country; Culicidae; Data; Demography; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Vectors; Ecology; Economic Conditions; Ecosystem; Entomology; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Etiology; Fever; Future; Gambia; Geography; Goals; Habitats; Health; Health system; Human; Hygiene; Infrastructure; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Light; Link; Location; London; Malaria; Medical; Medical Research; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Politics; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Rift Valley Fever; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Sampling; Schools; Seasons; Senegal; Site; Statistical Models; Strategic Planning; Symptoms; System; Testing; Tropical Medicine; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virus; Yellow Fever; Yellow fever virus; ZIKA; Zika Virus; Zoonoses; burden of illness; design; experience; flu; health data; improved; infection rate; malaria mosquito; mortality; mosquito-borne; neglect; novel; novel virus; pathogen; programs; response; rural area; socioeconomics; transmission process; trend; urban area; vector; vector control; vector management strategies; vector mosquito

Project Summary/Abstract This application seeks to examine arbovirus and mosquito vector prevalence and identify their possible influence in The Gambia. An existing infrastructure in the country for malaria investigation will jumpstart this project. Like malaria, mosquito-borne arboviruses can cause febrile illness; with significant morbidity and even mortality, in multiple regions of the world. Practically nothing is known about the arboviruses that circulate in The Gambia; except for three instances: an outbreak of Yellow Fever over forty years ago, localized antibody evidence of Zika virus, and two one-off cases of Rift Valley fever. Arboviral activity of this unique country is poorly understood. Importantly, there are cases of acute febrile illness in The Gambia that are not attributable to malaria, and we hypothesize that arboviruses are circulating in the region that could be responsible for a proportion of such cases. In addition, there is a paucity of data on local mosquito populations, other than the Anopheline vectors of malaria, and potential vectors of arboviruses. Incrimination of mosquito species responsible for natural arbovirus transmission is pivotal to understanding pathogen dynamics and designing precise vector control strategies. To enhance response to emerging public health threats in The Gambia, the proposed research aims to address gaps in the knowledge of mosquito-borne arboviruses and their vectors by: (a) sampling mosquitoes in The Gambia (utilizing a framework already in place for malaria monitoring, with extended sampling locations) to contrast vector species communities in different landscapes during both the dry and rainy seasons, and to assess arboviral evidence to determine mosquito infection rates across regions; and (b) evaluating vector species diversity and abundance, as well as predictors of the risk of detected mosquito species and arboviruses, considering their prevalence in association with seasonality, macroclimate, and landscape development. Vector and arbovirus presence can, in future, be compared to potential geographic prevalence of human cases. When fever is not caused by malaria, local epidemiology, including a baseline knowledge of what arboviruses and their vectors are circulating in a region, can guide medical decisions. The proposed research is both significant and novel because it addresses the lack of understanding of arbovirus existence in a previously unstudied country, one that is experiencing unexplained cases of acute febrile illness. Although neighboring Senegal has been noted for an arboviral presence, The Gambia has a separate geography, public health system, and political setting, and is unexplored in this respect. Non-malarial febrile illness occurs in The Gambia, and we propose initial steps for investigating arboviruses as potential etiological agents, allowing for improved understanding of infectious disease agents. We aim to generate preliminary data for studies of arboviruses threatening health in The Gambia and, ultimately, facilitating targeted prevention of arboviral pathogens (as well as malaria) and a more streamlined approach to addressing vector-borne disease burden.

项目总结/摘要 本申请旨在研究虫媒病毒和蚊媒的流行情况， 在冈比亚的影响力。该国现有的疟疾调查基础设施将启动这一进程 项目与疟疾一样，蚊媒虫媒病毒可引起发热性疾病; 死亡率，在世界多个地区。实际上，人们对在海洋中传播的虫媒病毒一无所知。 冈比亚;除了三个例子：四十多年前爆发黄热病，局部抗体 寨卡病毒的证据，以及两个一次性的裂谷热病例。这个独特国家的虫媒病毒活动很差 明白重要的是，冈比亚有一些急性发热性疾病病例不是由疟疾引起的， 我们假设虫媒病毒在该地区传播， 这样的案件。此外，除了按蚊以外，关于当地蚊子种群的数据很少。 疟疾的传播媒介和虫媒病毒的潜在传播媒介。确定造成自然灾害的蚊子种类 虫媒病毒传播是了解病原体动态和设计精确的病媒控制的关键 战略布局 为了加强应对冈比亚新出现的公共卫生威胁，拟议的研究旨在 通过以下方式填补对蚊媒虫媒病毒及其病媒的认识空白：（a）在 冈比亚（利用已有的疟疾监测框架，扩大了抽样地点）， 对比旱季和雨季不同景观中的病媒物种群落， 评估虫媒病毒证据以确定跨区域的蚊子感染率;以及（B）评估媒介 物种多样性和丰富度，以及检测到的蚊子物种和虫媒病毒风险的预测因素， 考虑到它们的流行与季节性、大气候和景观发展有关。向量 将来，虫媒病毒的存在可以与人类病例的潜在地理流行率进行比较。 当发烧不是由疟疾引起时，当地的流行病学，包括什么虫媒病毒的基本知识， 它们的传播媒介在一个地区传播，可以指导医疗决策。这项研究的目的是， 重要的和新颖的，因为它解决了缺乏了解虫媒病毒的存在，在以前的 未经研究的国家，一个正在经历无法解释的急性发热疾病病例的国家。虽然邻近 塞内加尔以虫媒病毒的存在而闻名，冈比亚有单独的地理，公共卫生系统， 和政治背景，在这方面是未经探索的。冈比亚发生非疟疾性发热疾病， 我们提出了调查虫媒病毒作为潜在病原体的初步步骤， 了解传染病病原体。我们的目标是为虫媒病毒的研究提供初步数据 威胁冈比亚的健康，并最终促进有针对性地预防虫媒病毒病原体（以及 如疟疾），并采取更精简的办法解决病媒传播的疾病负担。