Impact of Inflammation on Adult Prostate Stem Cells

良性前列腺增生（BPH）是由前列腺上皮细胞和基质细胞在前列腺内的扩张定义的。 前列腺的过渡区。尽管在早期BPH中基质细胞有较大的扩张， 前列腺增生是导致前列腺肥大的重要因素。虽然许多研究表明 慢性炎症和非炎症性前列腺增生的发展，炎症导致的机制 与细胞增殖和增生的关系尚不清楚。众所周知，炎症会产生一个微环境， 富含促进前列腺上皮细胞增殖的细胞因子、生长因子和其他形态发生素， 包括基底前列腺干细胞（bPSC）。控制和限制炎症的调节机制- 在正常稳态条件下诱导的上皮细胞增殖并没有很好地定义， 在理解炎症、不受控制的细胞生长和 前列腺肥大本文报道的数据鉴定了控制前列腺上皮细胞扩增的途径， 形成拟议研究的基础，以更好地定义炎症诱导的前列腺的调节 上皮细胞增殖导致增生。了解炎症的途径- 诱导的细胞扩增将为开发新的阻断肿瘤细胞增殖的方法提供基础。 不受控制的上皮生长。 成体基底前列腺干细胞（bPSC）是维持和修复前列腺细胞完整性的特化细胞。 前列腺;然而，描述炎症对成人bPSC影响的研究有限。先前数据 我们实验室的研究表明，炎症刺激bPSC扩张， 体内上皮增生以及与离体非炎症（幼稚）bPSC相比更大的类器官， 证明对这些细胞的持续增殖作用。鉴于炎症会驱使bPSC向管腔 细胞转变，这需要雄激素受体（AR）和本文报道的数据，炎症稳定 AR通过磷酸化和IL-1α及其天然存在的抑制剂IL-1 ra，其中IL-1α抑制AR表达 IL 1 ra增强表达，导致bPSC驱动的上皮细胞扩增。根据这些数据，我们 假设炎症驱动AR稳定，AR稳定驱动bPSC扩增和上皮细胞增殖， BPH增生。为了验证这一假设，我们建议定义炎症诱导的分子基础。 AR稳定，使用新型转基因小鼠评价途径影响，并定义AR依赖性 bPSC的程序性变化与增殖和上皮增生有关。

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is defined by the expansion of both epithelial and stromal cells within the transition zone of the prostate. Although there is greater expansion of stromal cells in early BPH, epithelial hyperplasia is a significant contributor to larger symptomatic BPH prostates. While numerous studies have linked chronic and recalcitrant inflammation to the development of BPH, the mechanisms by which inflammation leads to cellular proliferation and hyperplasia are unclear. It is known that inflammation produces a microenvironment rich in cytokines, growth factors, and other morphogens that promote proliferation of prostate epithelial cells, including basal prostate stem cells (bPSC). The regulatory mechanisms that control and limit inflammation- induced epithelial cell proliferation under normal homeostatic conditions are not well defined and represent a significant deficit in understanding the potential link between inflammation, uncontrolled cellular growth and prostate enlargement. Data reported herein identify pathways controlling prostate epithelial cell expansion and form the foundation for proposed studies to better define the regulation of inflammation-induced prostate epithelial cell proliferation that leads to hyperplasia. Understanding the pathways involved in inflammation- induced cellular expansion will provide a foundation for the development of novel approaches to block uncontrolled epithelial growth. Adult basal prostate stem cells (bPSC) are specialized cells that maintain and repair the cellular integrity of the prostate; however, studies describing the effect of inflammation on adult bPSC are limited. Previous data from our laboratories show that inflammation stimulates bPSC expansion and generates basal and luminal epithelial hyperplasia in vivo as well as larger organoids compared to non-inflamed (naïve) bPSC ex vivo, demonstrating a sustained proliferative effect on these cells. Given that inflammation drives a bPSC to luminal cell transition, which requires androgen receptor (AR) and the data reported herein that inflammation stabilizes AR via phosphorylation and IL-1α and its naturally occurring inhibitor, IL-1ra, where IL-1α inhibits AR expression and IL1ra enhances expression leading to bPSC-driven expansion of epithelial cells. Based on these data, we hypothesize that inflammation drives AR stabilization that drives bPSC expansion and epithelial hyperplasia in BPH. To test the hypothesis we propose to define the molecular basis for inflammation induced AR stabilization, evaluate pathway impact using novel genetically modified mice and define AR-dependent programmatic changes in bPSC linked both to proliferation and epithelial hyperplasia.