Elucidating neural circuits and pupil readouts of motivated effortful listening

阐明积极努力倾听的神经回路和瞳孔读数

• 批准号: 10450668
• 负责人: Matthew J McGinley
• 金额: $ 48.15万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10450668
• 关键词: Acetylcholine; Acoustic Nerve; Animals; Area; Arousal; Attention; Audiology; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain region; Cochlear Implants; Code; Cognitive; Data; Detection; Employment; Environment; Eye; Fatigue; Feedback; Foundations; Goals; Head; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Hearing Tests; Human; Image; Immersion; Individual; Laboratories; Lead; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Modernization; Motivation; Mus; Mydriasis; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Noise; Norepinephrine; Ouabain; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Process; Psyche structure; Pupil; Quality of life; Reporting; Resources; Rewards; Rodent; Rogaine; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Statistical Models; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Tonic Pupil; Update; Vulnerable Populations; Whole-Cell Recordings; Work; auditory feedback; behavior prediction; cholinergic; cognitive function; cognitive process; design; experience; experimental study; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; high reward; improved; neural circuit; neuroregulation; noradrenergic; normal hearing; optogenetics; patient population; patient screening; relating to nervous system; sensory cortex; sound; sugar; tool; two-photon

Project Summary . Attending to a speaker in a noisy environment, such as a cocktail party, can be an effortless and pleasantly immersive experience for individuals with normal hearing and cognitive function. However, for individuals with hearing loss, this ‘listening effort’ is their primary complaint, and can be a severe source of stress and fatigue that impacts their quality of life and employment. Unlike an audiogram, which can be measured objectively, listening effort is a high-level cognitive process, and challenging to measure. Pupillometry, measuring the size of the pupil of the eye, has proven extremely useful as a physiological readout of listening effort. However, we have very little understanding about the neural interactions underlie mental effort, and therefore do not know what the pupil tells us, specifically, about these circuits. Experiments are needed that behaviorally engage listening effort while probing the underlying neural circuits mechanisms, and determining which circuit interactions are read out by pupil dilation. Our laboratory has recently developed a behavioral approach to study the attentional component of listening effort (attentional effort), in mice. Mice report detection of temporal coherence in ongoing noise by licking for sugar reward. We parametrically vary the difficulty on each trial, and manipulate listening effort by changing reward volume in blocks of trials. We find that mice expend more attentional effort during high-reward blocks, resulting in better detection of temporal coherence during blocks. In parallel work, we have extensively characterized the physiological correlates in the auditory system of several pupillometry metrics during a simpler auditory detection behavior. Furthermore, human and animal work consistently show that frontal cortex structures that combine task performance and motivational information are active during attentional effort. These results lead to the following central hypothesis: differences in cortical coding between states of low and high reward, result from changes in modulation on fast and slow time scales, together with auditory-frontal interactions that enhance coding of high-value sounds and provide feedback signals that improve subsequent performance, and that these circuits are upregulated after hearing loss. We will test this hypothesis by electrically recording from neurons in the auditory cortex and assaying their coding of sounds, while two-photon imaging or optopgenetically manipulating inputs from neuromodulatory systems or frontal cortex, and doing pupillometry during our listening effort task. Our results will reveal the contributions of neuromodulatory and frontal cortex inputs to auditory cortex to shifts in listening effort allocated to temporal coherence detection, and will directly relate multiple pupil metrics and statistical modeling approaches to these circuit mechanisms.

项目摘要。 在嘈杂的环境中，如鸡尾酒会，听演讲者讲话可能是一件轻松而又轻松的事情。 为听力和认知功能正常的人提供愉快的沉浸式体验。但对于 对于听力损失的人来说，这种“倾听努力”是他们的主要抱怨，并且可能是一种严重的压力来源 以及影响他们生活质量和就业的疲劳。与听力图不同，听力图可以测量 客观上，听力努力是一个高层次的认知过程，难以测量。瞳孔测量，测量 眼睛瞳孔的大小，已经被证明是非常有用的，作为一个生理读数的听力努力。 然而，我们对精神努力背后的神经相互作用知之甚少，因此， 我们不知道瞳孔具体告诉我们什么，关于这些回路。我们需要实验来证明 参与倾听努力，同时探索潜在的神经回路机制，并确定哪个回路 通过瞳孔放大读出相互作用。我们的实验室最近开发了一种行为方法来研究 注意力的组成部分听努力（注意力），在小鼠。小鼠报告检测到颞叶 通过舔来获得糖奖励。我们参数化地改变每次试验的难度， 通过改变试验块中的奖励音量来操纵倾听努力。我们发现老鼠消耗的能量 在高回报块期间的注意力努力，导致在块期间更好地检测时间相干性。在 平行的工作，我们已经广泛的特点，在听觉系统的生理相关的几个 在更简单的听觉检测行为期间的瞳孔测量度量。此外，人类和动物的工作 一致表明，结合联合收割机任务表现和动机信息的额叶皮层结构， 在注意力集中的过程中活跃。这些结果导致了以下中心假设：皮层的差异 低和高回报状态之间的编码，由快和慢时间尺度上的调制变化引起， 以及增强高价值声音编码并提供反馈的大脑额叶互动 信号，提高后续的性能，这些电路上调后听力损失。我们将 通过电记录听觉皮层的神经元，并分析它们的编码来验证这一假设。 声音，而双光子成像或optopgenetically操纵来自神经调节系统的输入， 额叶皮层，以及在我们的听力任务中进行瞳孔测量。我们的研究结果将揭示 神经调节和额叶皮层输入到听觉皮层的听觉努力分配到颞叶 相干检测，并将直接涉及多个瞳孔度量和统计建模方法，这些 电路机制