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Neural mechanisms of protective effects of early nutrition on the development of social-emotional difficulties among children in Ghana

早期营养对加纳儿童社交情感困难发展的保护作用的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
10452524
负责人：
Seth Adu-Afarwuah
金额：
$ 50.64万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-04 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10452524
关键词：
2 year old Adolescent Adult Africa Age Anisotropy Area Autonomic nervous system Behavior Behavior assessment Behavioral Biology Birth Brain Buffers Caregivers Child Child Development Child Nutrition Child Support Childhood Colombia Competence Conceptions Control Groups Corpus Callosum Depressed mood Depressive disorder Development Dietary Intervention Diffuse Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disadvantaged Discipline Doctor of Philosophy Effectiveness Electrocardiogram Emotional Emotions Environment Essential Fatty Acids Evidence based program Family Relationship Follow-Up Studies Foundations Ghana Goals Guatemala Health Policy Healthcare Systems Home environment Impedance Cardiography Infant Information Systems Intake Investments Iron Latin America Life Lipids Long-Term Effects Longterm Follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging Malnutrition Measures Mediating Mental Health Mental Health Services Micronutrients Mood Disorders Mothers Nutrient Nutritional Outcome Parents Pattern Policies Postpartum Period Predisposition Pregnancy Pregnant Women Prevention strategy Problem behavior Procedures Property Puberty Publishing Radial Randomized Controlled Trials Regulation Research Research Design Research Methodology Research Personnel Risk Sampling School-Age Population Schools Social Development Supplementation Testing Time Training Universities Well in self Workplace World Health Organization Youth base capsule cognitive control doctoral student early adolescence emotion regulation emotional functioning evidence base experience group intervention high risk infancy low and middle-income countries mental health organization mother nutrition myelination nervous system development neurobehavioral neurodevelopment neuroimaging neuromechanism next generation nutrition nutritional supplementation peer prenatal programs protective effect randomized controlled design randomized trial relating to nervous system skills social social disadvantage student training success white matter

项目摘要

Project Summary An estimated 250 million children in low- and middle-income countries are at risk of not fulfilling their developmental potential, partly due to undernutrition. The long-term goal of this proposal is to inform evidence- based programs and policies to support children in Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries to grow and develop to their full potential. This proposal is to conduct a follow-up study of children at age 8-12 years whose mothers participated in a randomized control trial providing lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) to pregnant women from ≤ 20 weeks of gestation through 6 months postpartum and to their children from age 6 to 18 months (n = 440), comparing outcomes to control groups who received maternal micronutrient capsules during pregnancy and postpartum (n = 880). The objective is to examine the long-term effect of early nutrition on brain and nervous system development, while strengthening the research environment and capacity at the University of Ghana to conduct neurobehavioral and neuroimaging research. The specific aims are 1) To investigate the effect of LNS on social-emotional development at school age and in the context of children's home environments and 2) to investigate the potential neural mechanisms through which LNS buffers the effects of a disadvantaged environment on children's development of social-emotional difficulties. The hypotheses are that 1) children in the LNS group will have fewer social-emotional and behavioral problems, compared to children who did not receive LNS, 2) greater effects of LNS will be found in children from more disadvantaged home environments, and 3) intervention group differences in autonomic nervous system regulation and white matter integrity measured by diffusion tensor imaging will mediate group differences in social-emotional development. The rationale is based on the previous finding that children in the LNS group had fewer social-emotional difficulties at age 4-6 years, with greater effects of LNS in children from disadvantaged home environments, suggesting that early supplementation buffered the effect of a disadvantaged environment on the development of social-emotional difficulties in this sample, in which a high percentage of children had a social-emotional difficulties score in the abnormally high range. Nutrients contained in LNS, such as iron and essential fatty acids, are necessary for myelination of brain areas involved in social-emotional regulation and processing, which occurs rapidly during pregnancy and the first two years after birth. This study will be the first long-term follow-up study in Africa of a randomized trial of both pre-natal and post-natal nutritional supplementation covering most of the first 1000 days from conception to age two years, adding to evidence from only two other such studies, both conducted in Latin America (Guatemala and Colombia) in the 1970s. This study represents an unprecedented opportunity to examine the long-term effects of supplementation with both macro- and micro-nutrients during most of the first 1000 days using a randomized controlled design, and the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of early nutrition on later behavior.

项目总结