Smartphone app to examine effects of cannabis use on driving behavior

摘要 在大麻（DUIC）的影响下驾驶几乎使车祸风险增加一倍，医用大麻（MC） 代表DUIC风险组的患者。R21旨在通过以下方式推动减少DUIC的努力： 智能手机应用程序的创新组合，用于客观检测异常驾驶行为，生态 瞬时评估（EMA）和生物采样（δ-9-四氢大麻酚：THC;大麻二酚： CBD）研究大麻使用对MC患者在现实世界条件下驾驶行为的影响。这 该项目建立在最近的工作，研究了THC和CBD与现实世界驾驶行为的关系， 并通过使用EMA获得主观大麻影响的细粒度数据来解决先前工作的局限性 在长时间驾驶（最多28天）之前，除了收集生物样品（THC， CBD）与EMA报告进行探索性比较。R21还将评估“投入的努力， 驱动”（即，大麻效应的补偿努力），因为某些驾驶行为可能会被修改， “努力”抵消大麻的影响，而其他驾驶行为可能不太受补偿 行为。R21项目的目标是：（1）根据MC产品标签， 使用的自我报告的量，与异常驾驶行为相关联（例如，突然刹车，摆动） 真实的生活;（2）检查EMA报告的主观大麻中毒，大麻使用的慢性化， “驾驶中付出的努力”与异常驾驶行为相关联（例如，急刹车）; 探索性目的：检查THC和CBD（驾驶前的生物样本）作为异常驾驶的预测因素， 真实的世界条件。为了实现这些目标，R21将招募合格的MC患者（N=70，50%女性）， 初步（n=10）和研究（n=60）阶段。在这两个阶段，参与者完成基线实验室评估， 随后是日常数据收集（EMA;用于客观检测驾驶行为的电话传感器数据收集 准确度高：>96%），在驾驶前收集生物样本（与EMA报告同时进行， 驾驶）一周，以及最终的数据收集后实验室评估和定性访谈。研究阶段 我将使用定性数据来完善应用程序，并确定要添加的新应用程序功能，以防止未来的DUIC 工作分析将探讨性别差异。智能手机应用程序的创新使用，用于客观检测 异常驾驶行为，结合EMA和生物采样（THC，CBD），将提供重要的， 关于大麻（THC，CBD）的影响（主观和客观）和补偿性“努力”对 在MC患者的日常生活中的驾驶行为，使迫切需要的进展，以减少DUIC。

ABSTRACT Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) nearly doubles car crash risk, with medical cannabis (MC) patients representing an at-risk group for DUIC. This R21 aims to advance efforts to reduce DUIC through the innovative combination of a smartphone app for objective detection of aberrant driving behaviors, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), and biological sampling (delta-9-tetra-hydrocannabinol: THC; cannabidiol: CBD) to examine effects of cannabis use on driving behavior in real-world conditions among MC patients. This project builds on recent work, which examined both THC and CBD in relation to real-world driving behavior, and addresses limitations of prior work by using EMA to obtain fine-grained data on subjective cannabis effects prior to driving over an extended period (up to 28 days), in addition to collecting a biological sample (THC, CBD) prior to driving for exploratory comparison with EMA report. This R21 also will assess "effort put into driving" (i.e., compensatory effort for cannabis effects) since certain driving behaviors might be modified by "effort" to counteract cannabis effects, whereas other driving behaviors may be less subject to compensatory behaviors. R21 project aims are to: (1) Determine the extent to which THC, based on MC product labeling and self-reported quantity used, are associated with aberrant driving behavior (e.g., sudden braking, weaving) in real life; (2) Examine how EMA report of subjective cannabis intoxication, chronicity of cannabis use, and "effort put into driving" are associated with aberrant driving behavior (e.g., sudden braking) in real life; Exploratory aim: Examine THC and CBD (biological sample prior to driving) as predictors of aberrant driving in real world conditions. To achieve these aims, this R21 will recruit eligible MC patients (N=70, 50% female) for Pilot (n=10) and Study (n=60) phases. In both phases, participants complete a baseline lab assessment, followed by daily data collection (EMA; phone sensor data collection for objective detection of driving behavior with high accuracy: >96%), collection of a biological sample prior to driving (concurrent with EMA report prior to driving) for one week, and a final post-data collection lab assessment and qualitative interview. Study Phase will use qualitative data to refine the app and identify new app features to be added to prevent DUIC in future work. Analyses will explore gender differences. The innovative use of a smartphone app for objective detection of aberrant driving behavior, combined with EMA and biological sampling (THC, CBD), will provide important, new findings on effects (subjective and objective) of cannabis (THC, CBD) and compensatory "effort" on driving behavior in daily life in MC patients to enable urgently needed advances to reduce DUIC.