Perceptions of Social Norms and Personal Propensity to Engage in HIV Testing: A Mixed Methods Study and Intervention in Rural Uganda

对社会规范和个人参与艾滋病毒检测倾向的看法：乌干达农村地区的混合方法研究和干预

• 批准号: 10461020
• 负责人: Jessica M Perkins
• 金额: $ 17.12万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-07 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10461020
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Adult; Affect; Africa South of the Sahara; Applications Grants; Area; Attitude; Award; Awareness; Behavior; Cohort Studies; Communication Methods; Communities; Community Health; Country; Couples; Data; Development; Doctor of Philosophy; Effectiveness; Epidemic; Evaluation; Focus Groups; Goals; HIV; HIV Seropositivity; Health Fairs; Health Professional; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Income; Intervention; Interview; Learning; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Outcome; Perception; Persons; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Public Health; Qualitative Research; Randomized; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Resource-limited setting; Risk Behaviors; Rural; Same-sex; Social Perception; Statistical Methods; Subgroup; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Uganda; United States National Institutes of Health; Vulnerable Populations; Woman; Work; aged; base; behavior test; career; cognitive interview; design; experience; experimental study; feasibility testing; improved; innovation; men; population based; primary outcome; secondary outcome; skills; social; social epidemiology; social group; social norm; social stigma; therapy design; therapy development; uptake

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In Uganda, only one-fifth of HIV-positive adults are aware of their serostatus, far short of the UNAIDS 90% target for ending the epidemic. Perceived social norms, defined as one’s perceptions about which attitudes and behaviors are held and engaged in by majority of a social group, are understudied as potential drivers of HIV testing. The preliminary data from my dissertation fieldwork in rural Uganda showed that most people thought that most people in their village had never been tested for HIV even though most had actually been tested, and that men who (mistakenly) perceived HIV testing as uncommon were 3 times more likely to have never been tested themselves. My long-term career goal is to become an independent investigator with mixed-methods expertise in understanding how perceived social norms drive HIV testing, and to develop, test, and implement strategies to improve HIV testing. Although I have completed my PhD in social epidemiology, to achieve research independence I need additional mentorship and training in [1] qualitative research methods, [2] advanced statistical methods such as multilevel and longitudinal modeling, and [3] HIV-related intervention development in sub-Saharan Africa. The proposed training will enable me to achieve my scientific objective: to test the extent to which perceived social norms can affect one’s propensity to engage in HIV testing, and to develop a pilot intervention to increase testing in Uganda among men, women, and couples. My central hypothesis, based on my dissertation fieldwork, is that people misperceive HIV testing as uncommon within salient reference groups, and that these misperceptions greatly undermine their own propensity to undergo HIV testing. I further hypothesize that correcting these misperceptions will be a feasible and acceptable way to increase testing. I will test my central hypothesis by pursuing 3 specific aims: (1) Use qualitative research methods to design valid questions that elicit perceived social norms about HIV testing within different reference groups, including men-only, women-only, and couples-only subgroups of different backgrounds and experiences; (2) Estimate the extent to which social norms for HIV testing are misperceived and perceptions are associated with personal testing; and (3) Develop and test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a pilot intervention to increase HIV testing among men, women, and couples. I am well- positioned to accomplish these aims given my strong preliminary data directly related to the content of the proposed K01 award and my mentors' combined expertise. My approach is innovative in its use of mixed methods to test theoretically-driven hypotheses about the extent to which perceived social norms about HIV testing within salient reference groups affect HIV testing behavior. The proposed research will have significant public health impact because it will lead to the development of a unique class of interventions to increase HIV testing in resource-limited settings, a necessity for ending the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.

项目摘要/摘要 在乌干达，只有五分之一的艾滋病毒阳性成年人知道自己的血清状态，远远低于联合国艾滋病规划署的90% 结束这一流行病的目标。感知的社会规范，定义为一个人对哪些态度和 大多数社会群体持有和从事的行为，作为艾滋病毒的潜在驱动因素被研究得很少 测试。我在乌干达农村进行的学位论文田野调查的初步数据显示，大多数人认为 他们村子里的大多数人从未接受过艾滋病毒检测，尽管大多数人实际上都做过检测，而且 那些(错误地)认为艾滋病毒检测不常见的男性从来没有这样做过的可能性是普通人的3倍 考验着他们自己。我的长期职业目标是成为一名混合方法的独立调查员 了解感知的社会规范如何推动艾滋病毒检测，以及开发、测试和实施的专业知识 改进艾滋病毒检测的战略。虽然我已经完成了社会流行病学的博士学位，但为了实现 研究独立性我需要在[1]定性研究方法方面的额外指导和培训，[2] 先进的统计方法，如多水平和纵向建模，以及[3]艾滋病毒相关干预 撒哈拉以南非洲的发展。拟议的培训将使我能够实现我的科学目标： 测试感知的社会规范在多大程度上影响一个人进行艾滋病毒检测的倾向，以及 制定一项试点干预措施，在乌干达增加对男性、女性和夫妇的检测。我的中央 基于我的论文实地调查的假设是，人们错误地认为艾滋病毒检测在 显著的参考群体，这些误解极大地削弱了他们自己经历 艾滋病毒检测。我进一步假设，纠正这些误解将是一种可行和可接受的方式 加大检测力度。我将通过追求三个具体目标来检验我的中心假设：(1)使用定性研究 方法设计有效的问题，在不同的参考文献中引发对HIV检测的感知社会规范 群体，包括仅限男性、仅限女性和仅限夫妇的不同背景和 经验；(2)估计艾滋病毒检测的社会规范被误解和认知的程度 与个人测试相关；以及(3)开发和测试可行性、可接受性和初步 在男性、女性和夫妇中增加艾滋病毒检测的试点干预的有效性。我很好- 考虑到我的强大的初步数据直接与 建议的K01奖和我导师的专业知识相结合。我的方法是创新地使用混合的 检验理论驱动的关于艾滋病毒社会规范程度的假设的方法 显著参考群体内的检测会影响艾滋病毒检测行为。拟议的研究将具有重要的意义 对公共健康的影响，因为这将导致发展一类独特的干预措施来增加艾滋病毒 在资源有限的环境中进行检测，这是结束撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒流行的必要之举。

项目成果

Awareness of peers in recovery and of a campus collegiate recovery community at a university in the southeastern United States.

同行对康复的认识以及对美国东南部一所大学校园大学康复社区的认识。

• DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2209196
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of American college health : J of ACH
• 作者: Jurinsky,Jordan;Perkins,JessicaM;Satinsky,EmilyN;Finch,AndrewJ
• 通讯作者: Finch,AndrewJ

Norms and Attitudes about Being an Active Bystander: Support for Telling Adults about Seeing Knives or Guns at School among Greater London Youth.

关于成为积极旁观者的规范和态度：支持大伦敦青年中在学校看到刀子或枪的支持。

• DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01127-7
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: Journal of youth and adolescence
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Perkins JM;Perkins HW;Craig DW
• 通讯作者: Craig DW

Relative wealth, subjective social status, and their associations with depression: Cross-sectional, population-based study in rural Uganda.

相对财富、主观社会地位及其与抑郁症的关联：乌干达农村地区基于人口的横断面研究。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100448
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: SSM - population health
• 作者: Smith,MeghanL;Kakuhikire,Bernard;Baguma,Charles;Rasmussen,JustinD;Perkins,JessicaM;Cooper-Vince,Christine;Venkataramani,AtheendarS;Ashaba,Scholastic;Bangsberg,DavidR;Tsai,AlexanderC
• 通讯作者: Tsai,AlexanderC