Social Network Dynamics of Adolescent Gender Socialization, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Violence

项目总结/摘要 在美国，五分之一的女性和十四分之一的男性曾被强奸，五分之四的强奸幸存者 报告说暴力发生时涉及酒精或物质。目前的预防工作是 由于对这些健康危机的性别和发展根源的理解有限，阻碍了这一进程。 创新的流行病学科学，整合了性行为的心理和发展决定因素， 暴力和酒精的使用与尖端的社会网络和社会规范的研究是至关重要的进步， 预防工作。这个指导研究科学家发展K 01奖旨在增加 候选人的能力，进行创新的社会网络分析，以提供重要的见解 发生在青春期的性别社会化过程，导致酗酒和性暴力 在整个生命过程中的行为。拟议的活动将与强有力的专门培训同时进行。 该委员会由全球知名专家组成，将扩展候选人在社会领域的现有专业知识 流行病学包括：社会和发展心理学，青少年酒精流行病学，纵向 社会网络分析和多层次结构方程模型。研究活动将涉及社会 网络和结构方程建模技术，使用二级数据，从一个国家代表性的 前瞻性队列研究。提出了三个具体目标：目标1）纵向考察关系 个人性别表达、饮酒和性暴力之间的关系;目标2）评估 同龄人群体中的性别表达与酒精使用和性暴力结果的差异;目标3）确定 酗酒和性暴力风险最大的潜在青少年阶层以及社会网络 过程（选择和影响），降低风险。研究意义包括：一、小说的认定 和发展的具体机制，解释性别差异的酒精使用和性暴力， B）确定青少年同龄人群体的类型，这些群体在饮酒和 性暴力这些发现将为预防工作提供新的途径， 酗酒和性暴力方面的性别差异的根源。研究创新包括：a）社交网络 用于识别多层次模型中的同伴群体的算法; B）一种新的、经过验证的性别测量方法 （c）青少年社会化进程的综合多层次生命过程框架， 酗酒和性暴力。这项工作的结果将为未来在年轻人中进行基于调查的R 01提供信息。 青少年，以进一步阐明社会心理过程和规范环境中的青少年 影响酒精使用和性暴力的同龄人群体，按种族、性和性别少数群体进行修改 status.这项工作响应了NIAAA流行病学和预防研究部（DEPR）的战略 该计划强调需要开展以预防和青年为重点的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT One in five women and one in fourteen men in the US have been raped, with four out of five rape survivors reporting that alcohol or substance was involved at the time of the violence. Current prevention efforts are hampered by a limited understanding of the gendered and developmental origins of these health crises. Innovative epidemiologic science that integrates psychological and developmental determinants of sexual violence and alcohol use with cutting edge social network and social norms research is critical for advances in prevention efforts. This Mentored Research Scientist Development K01 Award is designed to increase the candidate’s capacities to undertake innovative social network analyses to provide important insights into the gender socialization processes that occur in adolescence and contribute to alcohol use and sexual violence behavior across the lifecourse. The proposed activities will take place alongside a strong and dedicated training committee comprised of globally renowned experts and will extend the candidate’s existing expertise in social epidemiology to include: social and developmental psychology, adolescent alcohol epidemiology, longitudinal social network analysis, and multilevel structural equation modeling. Research activities will involve social network and structural equation modeling techniques using secondary data from a nationally-representative prospective cohort study. Three specific aims are proposed: Aim 1) Longitudinally examine the relationship between individual gender expression, alcohol use, and sexual violence; Aim 2) Assess contribution of normative gender expression within peer groups to variation in alcohol use and sexual violence outcomes; Aim 3) Identify latent classes of adolescents at greatest risk for alcohol use and sexual violence, and the social network processes (selection and influence) that moderate risk. Research significance includes: a) identification of novel and developmentally-specific mechanisms that explain sex-disparities in alcohol use and sexual violence in adolescence; b) identification of typologies of adolescent peer groups at highest risk for both alcohol use and sexual violence. These findings will provide new avenues for prevention efforts to address the developmental origins of sex-disparities in alcohol use and sexual violence. Research innovations include: a) social network algorithms to identify peer groups, used within multilevel models; b) a novel, validated measure of gender expression; c) an integrated multilevel lifecourse framework of adolescent socialization processes linked to alcohol use and sexual violence. Findings from this work will inform a future survey-based R01 among younger adolescents to further elucidate the social psychological processes and normative environments in adolescent peer groups that impact alcohol use and sexual violence, as modified by racial, sexual, and gender minority status. This work responds to the NIAAA Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research’s (DEPR) Strategic Plan, which underscores the need for research focused on prevention and youth.