Social Network Dynamics of Adolescent Gender Socialization, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Violence

项目摘要/摘要 在美国，五分之一的女性和十四分之一的男性被强奸，五分之四的强奸幸存者 报告称，暴力事件发生时涉及酒精或毒品。目前的预防工作是 由于对这些健康危机的性别和发展根源的了解有限，这一问题受到阻碍。 创新的流行病学科学，融合性心理和发育决定因素 通过尖端社交网络和社会规范研究的暴力和酒精使用对于在 预防工作。这项指导研究科学家发展K01奖旨在增加 应聘者进行创新社交网络分析的能力，以提供对 发生在青春期并导致酗酒和性暴力的性别社会化过程 整个生命过程中的行为。拟议的活动将与强有力的专职培训同时进行。 由全球知名专家组成的委员会，将扩展候选人在社会领域的现有专业知识 流行病学包括：社会和发展心理学、青少年酒精流行病学、纵向 社会网络分析和多层次结构方程建模。研究活动将涉及社会 网络和结构方程建模技术使用来自具有全国代表性的 前瞻性队列研究。提出了三个具体目标：目标1)纵向考察 个人性别表达、饮酒和性暴力之间的关系；目的2)评估规范的贡献 同龄人群体中的性别表达对酒精使用和性暴力结果的差异；目的3)确定 潜在的酗酒和性暴力风险最高的青少年群体以及社交网络 降低风险的流程(选择和影响)。研究意义包括：a)小说的识别 和发育特有的机制来解释酒精使用和性暴力方面的性别差异 青春期；b)确定酗酒和酗酒风险最高的青少年同龄人群体的类型 性暴力。这些发现将为预防工作提供新的途径，以解决发展性疾病 性别的起源--饮酒和性暴力方面的差异。研究创新包括：a)社交网络 用于识别多级别模型中的同级群体的算法；b)一种新的、经过验证的性别衡量标准 表达；c)将青少年社会化进程的多层次综合生活过程框架与 酗酒和性暴力。这项工作的发现将为未来在年轻人中进行基于R01的调查提供依据 进一步阐明青少年的社会心理过程和正常环境 影响饮酒和性暴力的同龄人群体，受到种族、性和性别少数群体的影响 状态。这项工作响应了NIAAA流行病学和预防研究部(DEPR)的战略 该计划强调需要开展以预防和青年为重点的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT One in five women and one in fourteen men in the US have been raped, with four out of five rape survivors reporting that alcohol or substance was involved at the time of the violence. Current prevention efforts are hampered by a limited understanding of the gendered and developmental origins of these health crises. Innovative epidemiologic science that integrates psychological and developmental determinants of sexual violence and alcohol use with cutting edge social network and social norms research is critical for advances in prevention efforts. This Mentored Research Scientist Development K01 Award is designed to increase the candidate’s capacities to undertake innovative social network analyses to provide important insights into the gender socialization processes that occur in adolescence and contribute to alcohol use and sexual violence behavior across the lifecourse. The proposed activities will take place alongside a strong and dedicated training committee comprised of globally renowned experts and will extend the candidate’s existing expertise in social epidemiology to include: social and developmental psychology, adolescent alcohol epidemiology, longitudinal social network analysis, and multilevel structural equation modeling. Research activities will involve social network and structural equation modeling techniques using secondary data from a nationally-representative prospective cohort study. Three specific aims are proposed: Aim 1) Longitudinally examine the relationship between individual gender expression, alcohol use, and sexual violence; Aim 2) Assess contribution of normative gender expression within peer groups to variation in alcohol use and sexual violence outcomes; Aim 3) Identify latent classes of adolescents at greatest risk for alcohol use and sexual violence, and the social network processes (selection and influence) that moderate risk. Research significance includes: a) identification of novel and developmentally-specific mechanisms that explain sex-disparities in alcohol use and sexual violence in adolescence; b) identification of typologies of adolescent peer groups at highest risk for both alcohol use and sexual violence. These findings will provide new avenues for prevention efforts to address the developmental origins of sex-disparities in alcohol use and sexual violence. Research innovations include: a) social network algorithms to identify peer groups, used within multilevel models; b) a novel, validated measure of gender expression; c) an integrated multilevel lifecourse framework of adolescent socialization processes linked to alcohol use and sexual violence. Findings from this work will inform a future survey-based R01 among younger adolescents to further elucidate the social psychological processes and normative environments in adolescent peer groups that impact alcohol use and sexual violence, as modified by racial, sexual, and gender minority status. This work responds to the NIAAA Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research’s (DEPR) Strategic Plan, which underscores the need for research focused on prevention and youth.