TANGO: It takes two to tango: a synergistic approach to human-machine decision making

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential for enhancing human decisions, improving cognitive overload and lowering bias inhigh-stakes scenarios. Adoption of AI-based support systems in such applications is however minimal, chiefly due to the difficulty ofassessing their assumptions, limitations and intentions. In order to realise the promise of AI for individuals, society and economy, peopleshould feel they can trust AIs in terms of reliability, capacity to understand the human’s needs, and guarantees that they are genuinelyaiming at helping them. TANGO will develop the theoretical basis and computational framework for hybrid decision support systems(HDSS) in which humans and machines are aligned in terms of values and goals, know their respective strengths, and work together toreach an optimal decision. To this end, TANGO will develop: 1) A cognitive theory of mutual understanding and hybrid decision making,of intuitive vs deliberative approaches to decision making and of how they affect our trust in human and AI teammates. 2) Cognitionaware explainable AIsimplementing synergistic human-machine interaction, enabling machinesto determine what information a specificdecision maker (e.g., layperson vs expert) needs, or does not need, to reach an informed decision. 3) A “Human-in-the-loop” co-evolutionof human decision making and machine learning models building on bi-directional, explanation-augmented interlocution. The TANGOframework will be evaluated on four high impact use cases, namely supporting: i) women during pregnancy and postpartum, ii) surgicalteamsin intraoperative decision making, iii) loan officers and applicantsin credit lending decision processes, and iv) public policy makersin designing incentives and allocating funds. Success in these case studies will establish TANGO as the framework of reference fordeveloping a new generation of synergistic AI systems, and will strengthen the leadership of Europe in human-centric AI.