Developing platforms for studying the impact of external stresses on multispecies biofilms.

项目摘要/摘要 生物膜中的细菌比浮游细胞对食物污染、感染更负有责任 清洁，并负责80%的医院获得性感染，约160万感染和 8万人死亡，在美国每年造成168亿至272亿美元的损失。表面生物膜的处理 需要持续的清洁，例如，能够在原料奶后30分钟内恢复活力的生物膜 被引入到牛奶蒸发器中。植入的医疗设备上的生物被膜感染占医院的一半 获得性感染的主要治疗方法是取出设备，增加手术和增加风险 继发感染。生物膜的形成和对抗生素的反应取决于几何形状、营养物质、 和液体流动条件之间的关系，目前很少有关系可以在一组 条件和其他条件。该计划寻求创建平台和数学关系，将增加 研究人员、临床医生和制造商从基础研究转化为生物膜的能力 有限的时间尺度和材料到感染和表面。该提案寻求的主要平台 探索是那些可以监测外部压力的影响，如温度、体液剪切、抗生素、 纳米粒子在生物膜发展的每个阶段，并模拟真实世界的条件。其中一些 最初提出的平台是那些可以使用3D打印机制造的平台和那些可以轻松缩放的平台， 就像旋转的磁盘系统。将要提出的主要数学关系是无量纲的 可以用来从一种实验仪器转换到另一种实验仪器的数字。四次无量纲 然而，已经提出了生物膜的编号，并提出了三个用于生物膜中通信的编号。 它们的使用是多余的。该提案的一部分试图确定社会微生物相互作用，如果有的话，起什么作用， 在生物膜持久性中发挥作用。例如，白色念珠菌增加了假单胞菌对美罗培南的耐受性 铜绿假单胞菌。利用废物副产物作为一种相互作用的手段可能会被优先考虑，就像糖 念珠菌的摄入可能是导致前面提到的耐受性增加的原因。最后，这一点 该提案还寻求确定如何使用生物膜替代品来研究外部压力的影响， 比如流体剪切力和温度如何影响抗生素和纳米颗粒的吸收。虽然无论是临床上的 这项研究中也没有提出动物试验，将在两国之间进行参与性对话 研究人员、临床医生、制造商和工程师，以及卫生和个人卫生专业人员，以确保 这项研究的结果是可以使用的。

Project Summary/Abstract Bacteria in biofilms are more responsible than planktonic cells, for food contamination, infection during cleaning, and are responsible for 80% of all hospital acquired infections, about 1.6 million infections and 80,000 deaths, at an annual cost of $16.8 to $27.2 billion dollars in the US. Treating biofilms on surfaces requires constant cleaning as, for example, biofilms that are able to rejuvenate within 30 minutes after raw milk is introduced to a milk evaporator. Biofilm infections on implanted medical devices make up half of the hospital acquired infections and the primary treat is to remove the device, increasing surgery and increasing risk of secondary infection. Biofilm development and reaction to antibiotics are dependent on the geometry, nutrient, and liquid flow conditions and there are currently few relationships available to translate between one set of conditions and another. This program seeks to create platforms and mathematical relations that will increase the ability of researchers, clinicians and manufacturers, to translate from fundamental studies on biofilms with finite time scales and materials to infections and surfaces. The primary platforms that the proposal seeks to explore are those that can monitor the impact of external stress, like temperature, fluid shear, antibiotics, nanoparticles at each stage of biofilm development and simulate real world conditions. Some of those platforms initially proposed are those that can be made using 3D printers and those that can be easily scaled, like rotating disk systems. The primary mathematical relations that will be proposed are dimensionless numbers that can be used to translate from one experimental apparatus to another. Four dimensionless numbers have been proposed for biofilms and three have been proposed for communication in biofilms, though their use is spare. Part of this proposal seeks to determine what role, if any, sociomicrobiological interactions, play in biofilm persistence. For example, Candida albicans increases meropenem tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The use of waste byproducts as a means of interaction will likely be prioritized, like how sugar consumed by Candida may be responsible for the increased tolerance mentioned previously. Finally, this proposal also seeks to determine how biofilm substitutes can be used to study the impacts of external stress, like how fluid shear stress and temperature affect antibiotic and nanoparticle and uptake. While neither clinical nor animal trials are proposed in this study, a participatory dialogue will be conducted between the researchers, clinicians, manufacturers, and engineers, and sanitation and hygiene professionals to ensure that results from this research can be used.