Visual mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception during self-motion

项目摘要 每天，我们都依靠我们的视觉来判断周围物体的绝对距离，以计划和指导我们的 行动，如步行和驾驶。这个，寻路，确定一个人的位置和计划的过程， 如果没有对中间视觉空间的可靠感知， 距离范围（距离观察者约2- 25米）。因此，该项目的广泛长期目标是揭示 支持距离判断的中间距离空间感知机制。 然而，与人类相比，对中间距离空间感知的潜在机制知之甚少。 近距离空间感知（<2 m）。此外，现有的知识主要是从测试静态 观察者，这使得它很难推广到更常见的情况下，观察者计划和执行自我， 议案后一种情况更复杂，因为自运动伴随着视网膜图像运动， 周围环境中的静态物体，可能需要视觉系统同时跟踪 环境中所有物体的位置。视觉系统也需要更多的处理能力， 它必须同时计算视觉空间表征，探索环境，执行运动， 显然，这两个挑战-编码复杂性和容量限制-可能构成潜在的 威胁到我们有效判断绝对距离和实施行动的能力。我们假设 系统通过以下方式克服了这两个挑战：（a）使用非同心的空间更新移动观察者的位置， 用于表示视觉空间的以世界为中心的空间坐标系，以及（B）使用空间工作记忆 （空间图像）在空间更新期间。我们将在三个具体目标中研究这两种假设。 目标1：研究以世界为中心的空间坐标系的实现 目的2：探讨影响视觉空间更新的因素 目的3：探讨空间图像记忆在视觉空间知觉中的作用 我们的心理物理实验将测量人类在真实的3D环境中的行为反应。这 这种方法使我们能够了解我们的自然生态位，即地面，两者都限制了 并且支持真实的世界中的空间感知和动作。我们将测试人类观察者判断目标的能力 在各种条件下，例如在操纵 观察者的认知负荷（注意力和记忆力），或可用的视觉和独特性（前庭和 本体感受）信息，同时他们计划和/或执行自我运动（行走）。这项研究的结果 将推进空间感知文学，桥梁视觉空间感知的理论知识， 记忆导向导航（认知地图），以及揭示前庭和体感的影响 信号.反过来，理论上的进步为更好地理解中间距离提供了见解 与眼睛和视觉障碍相关的空间感知及其对真实的3D环境中移动性的影响。

Project Summary Every day we rely on our vision to judge the absolute distances of objects around us to plan and guide our actions, such as walking and driving. This, wayfinding, process of ascertaining one’s position and planning for possible routes of actions cannot be accomplished without reliable perception of visual space in the intermediate distance range (~2-25m from the observer). Thus, the broad long-term objective of this project is to uncover the mechanisms underlying intermediate distance space perception that supports distance judgment. Yet, less is known about the underlying mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception compared to those of near space perception (<2m). Moreover, extant knowledge is predominantly obtained from testing static observers, making it difficult to generalize to the more common situation where observers plan and execute self- motion. The latter situation is more complex because self-motion is accompanied by retinal image motion of static objects in the surrounding environment, potentially requiring the visual system to simultaneously track the locations of all objects in the environment. The visual system also requires more processing capacity because it has to simultaneously compute the visual space representation, explore the environment, implement motor controls, etc. Clearly, both challenges – coding complexity and capacity limitation – could pose as potential threats to our ability to efficiently judge absolute distances and implement actions. We hypothesize the visual system overcomes both challenges by: (a) spatially updating the moving observer’s position using an allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system for representing visual space, and (b) use spatial working memory (spatial-image) during spatial updating. We will investigate both hypotheses in three specific aims. Aim 1: Investigate the implementation of the allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system Aim 2: Investigate the factors affecting the spatial updating of visual space Aim 3: Investigate the role of spatial-image memory in visual space perception Our psychophysical experiments will measure human behavioral responses in the real 3D environment. This approach allows us to understand how our natural ecological niche, namely, the ground surface, both constrains and supports space perception and action in the real world. We will test human observers’ ability to judge target locations in impoverished visual environments under various conditions, such as while manipulating the observers’ cognitive load (attention and memory), or available visual and idiothetic (vestibular and proprioception) information, while they plan and/or execute self-motion (walking). The outcomes of this research will advance the space perception literature, bridge theoretical knowledge of visual space perception and memory-directed navigation (cognitive maps), as well as reveal the influence of vestibular and somatosensory signals. In turn, the theoretical advancements provide insights for better understanding of intermediate distance space perception related to eye and visual impairments and their impacts on mobility in the real 3D environment.