Visual mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception during self-motion

项目摘要 每天，我们依靠我们的视觉来判断我们周围物体的绝对距离，以计划和指导我们的 行动，如走路和开车。确定自己的位置和计划的过程 如果没有对中间视觉空间的可靠感知，就不可能完成可能的行动路线 距离观察者约2-25米的距离。因此，该项目广泛的长期目标是揭示 支持距离判断的中等距离空间知觉的潜在机制。 然而，人们对中等距离空间知觉的潜在机制知之甚少。 近空间知觉(&lt；2m)。此外，现有的知识主要是从静态测试中获得的 观察者，这使得很难将其概括到观察者计划和执行自我 动议。后一种情况更复杂，因为自我运动伴随着视网膜图像运动。 周围环境中的静态对象，可能需要视觉系统同时跟踪 环境中所有对象的位置。视觉系统还需要更多的处理能力，因为 它必须同时计算视觉空间表征、探索环境、执行运动 显然，编码复杂性和容量限制这两个挑战都可能成为潜在的挑战 威胁到我们有效判断绝对距离和实施行动的能力。我们假设在视觉上 系统通过以下方式克服了这两个挑战：(A)使用分配中心在空间上更新移动观测者的位置， 以世界为中心的空间坐标系，用于表示视觉空间，以及(B)使用空间工作记忆 (空间图像)在空间更新期间。我们将从三个具体目标来研究这两种假说。 目标1：研究以分心、以世界为中心的空间坐标系的实施 目的2：探讨视觉空间更新的影响因素 目的3：探讨空间图像记忆在视觉空间知觉中的作用 我们的心理物理实验将在真实的3D环境中测量人类的行为反应。这 方法使我们能够理解我们的自然生态位，即地表，是如何约束 并支持真实世界中的空间感知和行动。我们将测试人类观察者判断目标的能力 在各种条件下的贫乏视觉环境中的位置，例如在操作 观察者的认知负荷(注意力和记忆力)，或可获得的视觉和智力(前庭和 本体感觉)信息，而他们计划和/或执行自我运动(行走)。这项研究的结果 将推进空间知觉文献，沟通视觉空间知觉的理论知识和 记忆导向导航(认知地图)，以及揭示前庭和躯体感觉的影响 信号。反过来，理论上的进步为更好地理解中间距离提供了见解 与眼睛和视觉损伤相关的空间知觉及其在真实3D环境中对移动性的影响。

Project Summary Every day we rely on our vision to judge the absolute distances of objects around us to plan and guide our actions, such as walking and driving. This, wayfinding, process of ascertaining one’s position and planning for possible routes of actions cannot be accomplished without reliable perception of visual space in the intermediate distance range (~2-25m from the observer). Thus, the broad long-term objective of this project is to uncover the mechanisms underlying intermediate distance space perception that supports distance judgment. Yet, less is known about the underlying mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception compared to those of near space perception (<2m). Moreover, extant knowledge is predominantly obtained from testing static observers, making it difficult to generalize to the more common situation where observers plan and execute self- motion. The latter situation is more complex because self-motion is accompanied by retinal image motion of static objects in the surrounding environment, potentially requiring the visual system to simultaneously track the locations of all objects in the environment. The visual system also requires more processing capacity because it has to simultaneously compute the visual space representation, explore the environment, implement motor controls, etc. Clearly, both challenges – coding complexity and capacity limitation – could pose as potential threats to our ability to efficiently judge absolute distances and implement actions. We hypothesize the visual system overcomes both challenges by: (a) spatially updating the moving observer’s position using an allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system for representing visual space, and (b) use spatial working memory (spatial-image) during spatial updating. We will investigate both hypotheses in three specific aims. Aim 1: Investigate the implementation of the allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system Aim 2: Investigate the factors affecting the spatial updating of visual space Aim 3: Investigate the role of spatial-image memory in visual space perception Our psychophysical experiments will measure human behavioral responses in the real 3D environment. This approach allows us to understand how our natural ecological niche, namely, the ground surface, both constrains and supports space perception and action in the real world. We will test human observers’ ability to judge target locations in impoverished visual environments under various conditions, such as while manipulating the observers’ cognitive load (attention and memory), or available visual and idiothetic (vestibular and proprioception) information, while they plan and/or execute self-motion (walking). The outcomes of this research will advance the space perception literature, bridge theoretical knowledge of visual space perception and memory-directed navigation (cognitive maps), as well as reveal the influence of vestibular and somatosensory signals. In turn, the theoretical advancements provide insights for better understanding of intermediate distance space perception related to eye and visual impairments and their impacts on mobility in the real 3D environment.