Biogeography of Aquatic Pathogens in Hawaiian Watersheds

项目概要-项目1：JI，Kiana Frank 尽管在水和废水处理方面取得了很大进展，但水传播疾病仍然是世界范围内的一个主要问题。 对公众健康的威胁。然而，大多数水媒病原体没有受到监测，它们对人类的不利影响 人类健康和生产力只能通过彻底了解其发病率来控制， 环境小生境，以及它们引起的疾病的流行病学。本提案的目的是 评估土地利用模式和环境因素如何影响生物多样性、丰度、毒性和 夏威夷流域水媒微生物威胁的持续存在-作为提高我们理解的模型 全球病原体多样性和塑造它的环境力量。首要假设是， 与城市化有关的因素有助于增加病原体的丰度、多样性和分布。通过 综合实地取样、实验方法、地球化学和基因组学，这项建议将（i） 描述夏威夷三个流域水生病原体的地理特征;（ii）确定 观察病原体多样性和密度的模式;（iii）测试物理和化学的影响 病原体动态的变量。这项工作将使这些动力学的地理模型预测 跨越地球化学和人为梯度的威胁，有助于开发更有效，更准确的 和可靠的分子筛选工具，并促进公众更了解的存在和风险， 环境中的病原体。它也与目前推动流行病学的广泛目标高度相关， 环境微生物学该项目将充分利用拟议的微生物基因组学， 分析（M-GAL）核心，以及通过观察研究的显微成像中心 （MICRO）和夏威夷大学的网络基础设施核心。这项研究的影响是协同的 与COBRE项目2-5，作为一个基础，了解微生物与物理相互作用， 本报告介绍了化学环境--从自由生活的生物体到共生生物体--及其对人类健康的影响。

Project Summary – PROJECT 1: JI, Kiana Frank Despite large advances in water and wastewater treatment, waterborne diseases still pose a major worldwide threat to public health. However, most waterborne pathogens are unmonitored, and their adverse effect on human health and productivity can only be controlled by obtaining a thorough understanding of their incidence, environmental niches, and the epidemiology of the diseases they cause. The goal of this proposal is to evaluate how land-use patterns and environmental factors influence the diversity, abundance, virulence and persistence of waterborne microbial threats in Hawaiian watersheds - as a model to improve our understanding of the global pathogen diversity and of the environmental forces shaping it. The overarching hypothesis is that factors associated with urbanization contribute to increased pathogen abundance, diversity and distribution. By integrating field sampling, experimental approaches, geochemistry and genomics this proposal will (i) characterize the biogeography of aquatic pathogens in three Hawaiian watersheds; (ii) define the bases of the observed patterns of pathogen diversity and density; and (iii) test the influence of physical and chemical variables on pathogen dynamics. This work will enable biogeographic modeling of these dynamics to predict threats across geochemical and anthropogenic gradients, aid in the development of more efficient, accurate and reliable molecular screening tools, and foster a more informed public on the presence and risks of pathogens in their environment. It is also highly relevant to broad goals currently driving epidemiology and environmental microbiology. This project will take full advantage of the proposed Microbial Genomics and Analytical (M-GAL) Core, as well as the Microscopy Imaging Center for Research through Observation (MICRO) and the University of Hawaii's Cyberinfrastructure Core. The impact of this research is synergistic with that of COBRE Projects 2-5, serving as a foundation to understand microbial interactions with the physico- chemical environment - from free-living to symbiotic organisms - and their influence on human health.