Novel High-Efficiency Ammonia engine Technology for Heavy Duty marine applications (HEAT-HD)

HEAT-HD是一种改变游戏规则的高温液氨(LNH3)发动机技术，具有70%的BTE。LNH3的目标是船用推进系统和辅助动力装置(APU)以及高达10兆瓦的岸边发电机组。LNH3对于海上应用具有明显的经济和运营效益，因为它提供液氢的能量存储密度和真正的零排放特性，而不会产生与存储低温液体相关的寄生损失。氨技术专门针对重型船舶部门。HPDI喷油器技术将使新一代高效LNH3发动机提供比同类端口燃料发动机更低的排放。HEAT-HD将开发一种新的LNH3燃料系统和发动机概念，将四种独特的技术结合在一起，以应对使用LNH3作为燃料的关键挑战，这是与目前用于海洋应用的Sota NH3内燃机技术的明显变化。包含的四项独特技术及其优势是：1.高温(隔热)卡诺发动机，关键部件采用耐高温材料制造，能够承受燃料燃烧温度，消除了三分之一的燃料能源浪费在冷却系统2。HPDI燃油喷射策略，以提高性能并减少缸内排放和敲击3。主动预燃室TJI概念，多点点火，用于超稀薄燃烧和冷启动操作。氨的现场裂解，为氨发动机实现高效燃烧提供氢气试点。预燃室湍流喷射点火(TJI)概念将优化二次燃烧，氢耗低，从现场氨裂解。该项目是一项可行性和基于实验室的示范研究，以评估使用卡诺的技术减少温室气体排放的技术、经济和监管可行性，使用LNH3作为主要燃料来源。该项目将通过转换能源(TE)SOFC氨裂解技术开发和演示只储存氨的双燃料氢气试点燃料系统，并将确定转换为该燃料系统所需的设计要素。它将利用南安普顿大学基于物理的综合建模专业知识来模拟LNH3发动机的燃烧，涵盖四种独特的技术，并辅之以布鲁内尔大学的光学燃烧室来验证燃烧动力学，然后在项目结束时进行卡诺发动机测试。卡诺还将与Carisbrooke和OS Energy(OSE)作为最终用户，通过在船上收集占空比数据、数据分析和探索潜在的系统集成机会来探索技术商业化。HEAT-HD旨在打破氨被用作船用燃料的主要障碍之一。

HEAT-HD is a game-changing high-temperature liquid-ammonia (LNH3) powered engine technology with 70% BTE. Targeting marine propulsion systems and Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) and shore-side power generation units up to 10MW.LNH3 has clear economic and operational benefits for maritime applications as it offers the energy storage density and true zero emission property of liquid hydrogen without the parasitic losses associated with storing cryogenic liquids. Ammonia technology is specifically targeting the heavy-duty marine sector. HPDI injector technology will enable a new generation of high-efficiency LNH3 engines that offer lower emissions than comparable port-fuelled engines.HEAT-HD will develop a novel LNH3 fuel system and engine concept combining four unique technologies together to tackle critical challenges of using LNH3 as a fuel, a clear step-change from current SOTA NH3 ICE technologies for marine applications. The four unique technologies included and their advantages are:1. High-temperature (thermally insulated) Carnot engine with key components manufactured from high temperature resistant materials able to withstand fuel combustion temperatures, eliminating the third of fuel-energy wasted to cooling systems2. HPDI fuel injection strategy for improved performance and reduce in-cylinder emission and knock3. Active pre-chamber TJI concept with multi-point ignition for ultra-lean combustion and cold-start operation.4. Cracking of ammonia in-situ to provide the hydrogen pilot for the ammonia engine to achieve efficient combustion.The pre-chamber Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) concept will optimise secondary combustion, with small hydrogen consumption, cracked from ammonia in-situ.The project is a feasibility and lab-based demonstration study to assess the technical, economic and regulatory feasibility of using Carnot's technology to reduce GHG emissions using LNH3 as the primary fuel source. The project will develop and demonstrate a dual-fuel hydrogen-piloted fuel system with only ammonia stored, a proportion cracked to hydrogen, via the Transformational Energy (TE) SOFC Ammonia cracking technology, and will identify the design elements required to convert to this fuel-system. It will employ comprehensive physics-based modelling expertise from University of Southampton to simulate LNH3 engine combustion covering the four unique technologies, complemented by Brunel University's optical chambers to validate combustion dynamics, before targeting a Carnot engine test at the end of the project. Carnot will also engage with Carisbrooke and OS Energy (OSE) as end users to explore technology commercialisation via duty cycle data collection on board vessels, data analysis and exploration of potential system integration opportunities.HEAT-HD aims to break down one of the main barriers to ammonia being adopted as a marine fuel.