Nutritional Quality of Breast Milk after 6 Months Postpartum in India

项目总结 母乳是婴幼儿出生后1,000天内营养的重要组成部分，具有良好的 为母亲和孩子确定的福利。补充饲养期涉及从 纯母乳喂养到部分/持续母乳喂养，同时逐步引入补充 食物。在此期间，儿童的饮食和发育缺陷的风险增加，这通常是由于贫困造成的。 补充喂养做法和缺乏关于母亲母乳成分的证据。此外， 母体饮食干预可以在多大程度上调节母乳的成分和质量 目前仍不清楚。到目前为止，干预措施主要集中在前六个月的母乳成分上。 产后或分析单一营养素或营养组。对微观和微观的全面评估 产后6个月母乳中的常量营养素含量，而母乳喂养仍在进行中，其 据我们所知，饮食干预的纵向变化从未进行过。 为了做到这一点，我们将研究来自母乳喂养母亲的子集的母乳样本 参与一项随机对照喂养试验，比较生物强化与常规喂养的效果 印度南部母亲和儿童的农作物消费情况。我们已经收集并存档了母乳样本 在孩子的补充喂养期间，在九个月的五个不同的时间点。的目标是 建议的研究是为了增加我们对补充喂养过程中母乳质量的了解 句号。我们的目标是通过两个具体目标来弥合目前的证据差距。(1)我们将确定和描述 产后6个月母乳的微量和大量营养素组成；(2)我们还将测定 营养干预对随访期间采集纵向样本的母乳成分的影响 在随机对照喂养试验中。拟议的分析将为两国关系提供独特的见解 补充喂养期产妇营养状况与母乳成分之间的关系。穿过 这项拟议的研究我们旨在为未来旨在提高母乳质量的研究奠定基础 质量既能改善患者的营养状况，又能降低相关的不良事件风险和发病率 在孩子们身上。 1

PROJECT SUMMARY Breast milk is a critical component of infant and young child nutrition in the first 1,000 days of life and has well- established benefits for mother and child. The complementary feeding period involves the transition from exclusive breastfeeding to partial/continued breastfeeding along with gradual introduction of complementary foods. During this time, the child is at increased risk for dietary and growth deficits, which are often due to poor complementary feeding practices and lack of evidence regarding maternal breast milk composition. Furthermore, the extent to which breast milk composition and quality can be modulated through maternal dietary interventions remains unclear. Interventions to date have mainly focused on breast milk composition during the first six months postpartum or analyzed single nutrients or nutrient groups. A comprehensive assessment of micro- and macronutrient contents in breast milk after 6 months postpartum, while breastfeeding is still ongoing, and its longitudinal change in response to a dietary intervention has, to our knowledge, never been conducted. To accomplish this, we will study breast milk samples from a subset of breastfeeding mothers who are participating in a randomized controlled feeding trial comparing the efficacy of biofortified versus conventional crop consumption in mothers and children in South India. We have collected and archived breast milk samples at five different timepoints across nine months during the child’s complementary feeding period. The objective of the proposed research is to increase our understanding of breast milk quality during the complementary feeding period. We aim to close the current evidence gap with two Specific Aims. (1) We will determine and describe the micro- and macronutrient composition of breast milk after 6 months postpartum; (2) We will also determine the impact of a nutrition intervention on breast milk composition with longitudinal samples collected during follow-up in a randomized controlled feeding trial. The proposed analysis will provide unique insights into the relationship between maternal nutritional status and breast milk composition in the complementary feeding period. Through this proposed research we aim to lay the foundation for future studies aiming to enhance breast milk quality to both improve the nutritional status of and lower the associated risk for adverse events and morbidity in children. 1