Nutritional Quality of Breast Milk after 6 Months Postpartum in India

项目摘要 母乳是婴儿和幼儿在生命最初1,000天内营养的重要组成部分， 为母亲和儿童提供的既定福利。补充喂养期涉及从 从纯母乳喂养到部分/持续母乳喂养，沿着逐步引入补充母乳喂养 食品在此期间，儿童的饮食和生长缺陷的风险增加，这通常是由于贫困 补充喂养做法和缺乏关于母乳成分的证据。此外，委员会认为， 母乳成分和质量可通过母亲饮食干预调节的程度 仍不清楚迄今为止的干预措施主要集中在前六个月的母乳成分 产后或分析单一营养素或营养素组。全面评估微观和 产后6个月后母乳中的常量营养素含量，而母乳喂养仍在进行中， 据我们所知，从未进行过响应于饮食干预的纵向变化。 为了实现这一目标，我们将研究来自母乳喂养母亲的母乳样本， 参与一项随机对照喂养试验，比较生物强化与传统喂养的功效。 在印度南部的母亲和儿童的作物消费。我们已经收集并存档了母乳样本 在孩子补充喂养期间的九个月内的五个不同时间点。的目标 拟议的研究是为了增加我们对补充喂养过程中母乳质量的了解， 期我们的目标是通过两个具体目标来缩小目前的证据差距。(1)我们将确定并描述 产后6个月后母乳的微量和常量营养素组成;（2）我们还将确定 营养干预对母乳成分的影响及随访期间收集的纵向样本 在一个随机对照喂养试验中。拟议的分析将提供独特的见解的关系 在补充喂养期间，母亲营养状况与母乳成分之间的关系。通过 我们提出的这项研究旨在为未来旨在提高母乳质量的研究奠定基础。 改善营养状况，降低不良事件和发病率的相关风险 小儿 1

PROJECT SUMMARY Breast milk is a critical component of infant and young child nutrition in the first 1,000 days of life and has well- established benefits for mother and child. The complementary feeding period involves the transition from exclusive breastfeeding to partial/continued breastfeeding along with gradual introduction of complementary foods. During this time, the child is at increased risk for dietary and growth deficits, which are often due to poor complementary feeding practices and lack of evidence regarding maternal breast milk composition. Furthermore, the extent to which breast milk composition and quality can be modulated through maternal dietary interventions remains unclear. Interventions to date have mainly focused on breast milk composition during the first six months postpartum or analyzed single nutrients or nutrient groups. A comprehensive assessment of micro- and macronutrient contents in breast milk after 6 months postpartum, while breastfeeding is still ongoing, and its longitudinal change in response to a dietary intervention has, to our knowledge, never been conducted. To accomplish this, we will study breast milk samples from a subset of breastfeeding mothers who are participating in a randomized controlled feeding trial comparing the efficacy of biofortified versus conventional crop consumption in mothers and children in South India. We have collected and archived breast milk samples at five different timepoints across nine months during the child’s complementary feeding period. The objective of the proposed research is to increase our understanding of breast milk quality during the complementary feeding period. We aim to close the current evidence gap with two Specific Aims. (1) We will determine and describe the micro- and macronutrient composition of breast milk after 6 months postpartum; (2) We will also determine the impact of a nutrition intervention on breast milk composition with longitudinal samples collected during follow-up in a randomized controlled feeding trial. The proposed analysis will provide unique insights into the relationship between maternal nutritional status and breast milk composition in the complementary feeding period. Through this proposed research we aim to lay the foundation for future studies aiming to enhance breast milk quality to both improve the nutritional status of and lower the associated risk for adverse events and morbidity in children. 1