PAN EUROPEAN ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND MITIGATION OF CHEMICAL STRESSORS ON THE HEALTH OF WILD POLLINATORS

野生动物和植物群正面临着多变和具有挑战性的环境干扰。受此影响最大的动物群体之一是传粉者。传粉者面临多种威胁，但人为化学品（即农药）的传播是这些威胁的主要潜在驱动力。WildPosh是一个多参与者、跨学科的项目，其总体使命和目标是显著改善对野生传粉者接触农药风险的评估，并提高欧洲传粉者和传粉服务的可持续健康。由于化学品暴露在地理上各不相同，在不同的种植系统中，在作物系统内部和传粉者之间，我们将通过在代表欧洲四个主要气候区域、地中海、大西洋、大陆和北方气候的4个国家（德国、英格兰、爱沙尼亚和西班牙）进行实地调查来确定暴露情况。我们亦会在控制条件下，对不同种类的蜜蜂、蚜虫、蛾和蝴蝶进行实验，并收集有关其特性和杀虫剂毒性的电脑数据。通过WildPosh，我们旨在实现以下目标：1.确定在景观水平上，在站点内和站点之间的野生传粉者的真实世界农药暴露概况; 2。采用综合控制的实验室和半田间试验，研究农药与传粉昆虫健康之间的因果关系;建立一个关于传粉者特征/分布和化学品的开放式数据库，通过建立关于传粉者生态特征和空间分布与其潜在农药暴露之间关系的数据库，确定暴露和毒性情景; 4.提出基于系统的风险评估工具，用于野生传粉者的风险评估; 5.通过互动创新推动政策和实践，满足对监测工具、供实践和决策者使用的新颖和创新的筛选协议的需求

Wild fauna and flora are facing variable and challenging environmental disturbances. One of the animal groups that is most impacted by this, concerns pollinators. Pollinators face multiple threats, but the spread of anthropogenic chemicals (i.e. pesticides) form a major potential driver of these threats. WildPosh is a multi-actor, transdisciplinary project whose overarching mission and ambition are to significantly improve the evaluation of risk to pesticide exposure of wild pollinators, and enhance the sustainable health of pollinators and pollination services in Europe. As chemical exposure varies geographically, across cropping systems, inside the crop system and among pollinators, we will characterise exposure by doing fieldwork in 4 countries representing the four main climatic European regions, Mediterranean, Atlantic, Continental and Boreal climate in Germany, England, Estonia and Spain. We will also develop experiments in controlled conditions on different species of bees, syrphid flies, moths and butterflies, and collect in silico data on their traits and on toxicity of pesticides. With WildPosh, we aim to achieve the following objectives: 1. Determining the real-world agrochemical exposure profile of wild pollinators at landscape level, within and among sites; 2. Using integrated and controlled laboratory and semi-field experiments to characterise causal relationships between pesticides and pollinator health; 3. Building an open database on pollinator traits/distribution and chemicals to define exposure and toxicity scenarios by developing databases on ecological traits and the spatial distribution of pollinators in relation to their potential exposure to pesticide; 4. Proposing integrated systems-based risk assessment tools for risk assessment for wild pollinators; and 5. Driving policy and practice through interactive innovation, meeting the need for monitoring tools, novel and innovative screening protocols for practice and policymaker use