Secondhand Harms from Alcohol & Drugs: Impacts on Families and Communities across the US

酒精的二手伤害--也被称为酒精对他人的伤害--会对使用者的孩子产生负面影响， 合作伙伴、大家庭、朋友、邻居和社区。与酒精相关的危害相比， 美国毒品二手伤害的类型、比率和影响的综合实证清单， 完全缺乏。随着国家和社区努力应对娱乐合法化带来的挑战， 大麻，不断恶化的阿片类药物危机和COVID-19大流行，了解如何使用不同的药物 （单独和与酒精结合）影响家庭和社区， 政策和计划，以尽量减少伤害。这项研究，酒精和毒品的二手伤害：对 美国各地的家庭和社区，将建立在先前的NIAAA资助的研究酒精的危害， 其他（R 01 AA 022791）以填补这一空白。我们建议开发，现场和分析2023年美国酒精和药物 对他人的伤害调查，一项具有代表性的成年人调查，重点关注以下人群所经历的一系列关键伤害： 其他人使用流行物质的受害者，包括酒精，烟草，大麻，阿片类止痛药，海洛因， 可卡因和冰毒使用地理编码的自我报告数据，我们将评估二手 每种物质和多种物质使用的影响;不同类型的 “其他人”（配偶/伴侣、家庭成员、同事、朋友和陌生人）;身心健康 影响;和风险因素，包括受害者的个人特征和自己的药物使用，以及他们的 邻里、社区和国家背景。目的是：（1）记录下列方面的普遍性、重叠和趋势： 酒精和毒品的二手伤害，（2）检查促成二手伤害的背景，以及（3） 评估酒精和毒品的二手伤害对身心健康和生活质量的影响。 根据我们设计和分析国家调查的经验，我们建议进行一次全面的 调查收集有关二手酒精和毒品危害的详细数据，并使用先进的 战略，包括对在评估之前和评估期间收集的关于二手伤害的现有数据进行一些共同分析。 2019冠状病毒病疫情。主要的项目创新将是产生全面的美国人口估计， 具体的二手毒品危害，收集新的纵向数据，并研究酒精和大麻危害的趋势。 一个概念上的创新是研究宏观（邻里，国家背景）和微观的作用 （饮酒环境、社会关系）环境维斯酒精和特定物质造成维斯二手伤害 毒品尽管预防的重要性，很少有研究确定了环境背景， 酒精和各种毒品造成的间接伤害时有发生。我们将研究环境如何有助于 (or最大限度地减少）对妇女和其他高度优先群体（种族/少数民族和性/性别）的具体伤害 少数民族）。记录酒精和毒品造成的二手伤害的类型、重叠和严重程度， 预防的实际效用，并有望为今后制定有效的公共卫生政策提供信息。

Secondhand harms from alcohol—also called alcohol’s harms to others—negatively affect users’ children, partners, extended families, friends, neighbors, and communities. In contrast to alcohol-related harms, a comprehensive empirical inventory of types, rates and impacts of secondhand harm from drugs in the US has been entirely lacking. As states and communities grapple with challenges posed by legalization of recreational marijuana, the worsening opioid crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how use of different drugs (alone and in combination with alcohol) impacts families and communities takes on new importance to inform policies and programs to minimize harm. This study, Secondhand Harms from Alcohol & Drugs: Impacts on Families and Communities across the US, will build upon a prior NIAAA-funded study of alcohol’s harm to others (R01AA022791) to fill this gap. We propose to develop, field and analyze the 2023 US Alcohol and Drug Harm to Others Survey, a representative adult population survey focused on a key set of harms experienced by victims of others’ use of prevalent substances including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, opioid painkillers, heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine. Using geocoded self-report data, we will assess prevalence of secondhand impacts of each substance and of multiple substance use; rates and severity of harms from different types of “others” (spouses/partners, family members, co-workers, friends and strangers); mental and physical health impacts; and risk factors including victims’ personal characteristics and own substance use, as well as their neighborhood, community and state contexts. The Aims are to: (1) document prevalence, overlap and trends in secondhand harms from alcohol and drugs, (2) examine contexts contributing to secondhand harms, and (3) assess impacts of secondhand harms from alcohol and drugs on mental and physical health and quality of life. Based on our experience designing and analyzing national surveys, we propose to conduct a comprehensive survey to collect detailed data on secondhand alcohol and drug harms, and analyze these using advanced strategies, including some co-analysis with existing data on secondhand harms collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Major project innovations will be to generate comprehensive US population estimates of specific secondhand drug harms, collect new longitudinal data, and study trends in alcohol and marijuana harms. A conceptual innovation is to investigate the role of both macro (neighborhoods, state contexts) and micro (drinking contexts, social relationships) environments vis a vis secondhand harms from alcohol and specific drugs. Despite importance for prevention, few studies have identified environmental contexts in which secondhand harms from alcohol and various drugs occur. We will examine how environments may contribute to (or minimize) specific harms for women and other high-priority groups (racial/ethnic minorities and sexual/gender minorities). Documenting types, overlap and severity of secondhand harms from alcohol and drugs has great practical utility for prevention and promises to inform future development of effective public health policies.