Engaging Male Caregivers in Effective Prevention Programming to Reduce Risk of Violence and Violence-Related Injury

摘要 父亲不成比例地参与虐待儿童和针对儿童的暴力行为，并对此负责。 儿童和家庭成员，因为每天与儿童在一起的平均时间少于 母亲的（Hoffreth等人，2002; Straus等人，1998年）。40%的虐待案件包括 孩子的父亲（美国卫生和公众服务部，2011年），如果考虑到母亲的花费更多，这实际上是相当可观的 与父亲相比，孩子白天有更多的时间陪伴孩子，参加更多种类的活动。违反 尽管存在这些潜在的负面影响，但父亲对儿童发展的许多方面都做出了积极贡献， 整体家庭功能，对儿童同伴关系，语言发展， 学业技能，以及父母中的另一方在养育子女方面的熟练程度。有许多潜在的预防措施 为支持男性照顾者而制定的计划，包括养育父亲计划 （Bavolek、Comstock和McLaughlin，1983年）和《指导我们的孩子：提高基本技能》 程序（教练; Caserta Fabiano等人，2018年; Chacko，Fabiano等人，2017; Fabiano等人，二〇一二年; Fabiano等人，2009年）是以父亲为重点的预防干预工作的两个例子。但这些 方法通常没有被评估为基于社区的样本中的预防性干预措施， 科学上严格的方法（例如，Smith等人，2015年）。因此，本研究旨在评估 这些方法在减少家庭暴力和提高男性照顾者能力方面的有效性， 随机对照试验144名3-6岁儿童的男性照顾者将被随机 分配到（1）养育父亲方案（N=48）;（2）养育父亲+教练综合方案（N=48）; 或（3）注意控制（N=48）。参与者将进行为期八周的预防干预， 在治疗后和1个月随访时进行评估。

Abstract Fathers are disproportionately involved in and responsible for child maltreatment and violence directed toward children and family members, as the average amount of time spent with their children each day is less than that of mothers (Hoffreth et al., 2002; Straus et al., 1998). Forty percent of maltreatment cases include the child's father (US DHHS, 2011), which is actually quite considerable when one considers mothers spend more time with the child during the day and engage in a greater variety of activities, relative to fathers. Contrary to these potential negative impacts, fathers contribute positively to many aspects of child development and overall family functioning, making unique contributions to child peer relationships, language development, academic skills, and the proficiency of the other parent in parenting tasks. There are many potential prevention programs that have been developed to support male caregivers, including the Nurturing Fathers program (Bavolek, Comstock, & McLaughlin, 1983) and the Coaching Our Children: Heightening Essential Skills program (COACHES; Caserta Fabiano et al., 2018; Chacko, Fabiano, et al., 2017; Fabiano et al., 2012; Fabiano et al., 2009) are two examples of father-focused preventive intervention efforts. However, these approaches have not typically been evaluated as preventive interventions in community-based samples using scientifically rigorous methods (e.g., Smith et al., 2015). Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches in reducing family violence and improving male caregiver competencies in a randomized, controlled trial. One hundred forty-four male caregivers of a 3-6 year old child will be randomly assigned to (1) the Nurturing Fathers program (N=48); (2) Nurturing Fathers + COACHES integrated (N=48); or (3) an attention control (N=48). Participants will engage in eight weeks of prevention intervention and then have evaluations at post-treatment and 1-month follow-up.