Multigenerational air pollution exposure and adverse birth outcomes

项目摘要 越来越多的证据表明，产前环境暴露在出生结果和健康中发挥作用 未来的几代人。虽然怀孕暴露于环境空气污染与不良反应的风险增加有关， 出生结果，没有研究在人群中尚未估计的影响， 一代人的出生结果。我们的长期目标是了解差异对多代人的影响 妊娠期暴露于空气污染对下一代出生结果的影响。黑人妇女和低收入妇女 在美国，社会经济地位的人有持续较高的不良出生结果的患病率， 早产或足月低出生体重会损害整个生命过程的健康。妊娠期暴露 上一代的空气污染，沿着弱势群体和 因此，不同的社区可能会导致观察到的出生结果和终生健康差异。使用 是美国最大的多代同堂的出生群体，该项目旨在：1）量化 第一代妊娠暴露于空气污染物（颗粒物[PM2.5]和二氧化氮[NO2]），以及 第三代的不良出生结果，以及2）估计第一代妊娠的贡献 暴露于空气污染对第三代出生结果的种族/民族和社会经济差异的影响 一代多代出生队列包括近70万名加州出生的婴儿， 1982-2011年出生的两代人的居住信息。每一代的妊娠将被分配 最近开发的历史PM2.5和NO2浓度，以及通过与产前联系增强的出生数据 以及新生儿筛查记录和人口普查及气象数据。纵向边际模型将是 用于评估第一代妊娠空气污染暴露与早产和足月的直接关系， 第三代的低出生体重。公平暴露条件将使用随机 干预措施，以评估假设情景下种族/族裔和社会经济出生结果差异的变化 弱势群体的暴露分布与社会经济地位较高的群体相同， 非西班牙裔白色加州人。这项拟议中的研究意义重大，因为研究结果可能揭示另一个 空气污染影响健康的途径，以及以前未测量的暴露负担， 上一代的怀孕空气污染暴露。这项研究还对设计 公共卫生和环境司法干预。通过表征前代暴露， 在种族/民族和社会经济差异的背景下，该项目提供了估计长期 暴露对弱势群体的影响。将空气污染对健康影响的研究扩展到多个领域 从长远来看，几代人可以为计算与空气污染有关的健康和公平利益提供信息。 减少。

Project Summary Growing evidence suggests that prenatal environmental exposures play a role in the birth outcomes and health of future generations. While pregnancy exposure to ambient air pollution is related to increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, no studies in human populations have yet estimated the impact on the subsequent generation’s birth outcomes. Our long-term goal is to understand the multigenerational impact of differential pregnancy exposure to air pollution on future generation birth outcomes. Black women and women with lower socioeconomic status in the U.S. have persistent higher prevalence of adverse birth outcomes, and individuals born preterm or term-low birth weight have compromised health across the life-course. Pregnancy exposure to air pollution in a prior generation, along with increased susceptibility experienced by disadvantaged and diverse communities, may therefore contribute to observed birth outcome and lifetime health disparities. Using the largest multigenerational birth cohort in the U.S., this project aims to: 1) quantify the relationship between first generation pregnancy exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) and adverse birth outcomes of the third generation, and 2) estimate the contribution of first generation pregnancy exposure to air pollution on racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in birth outcomes of the third generation. The multigenerational birth cohort consists of nearly 700,000 California births with geocoded residence information for two generations born 1982-2011. Pregnancies from each generation will be assigned recently-developed historic PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, and birth data enhanced through linkage to prenatal and newborn screening records and census and meteorological data. Longitudinal marginal models will be used to assess the direct relation of first generation pregnancy air pollution exposure with preterm and term- low birth weight in the third generation. Equitable exposure conditions will be simulated using a stochastic intervention to evaluate change in racial/ethnic and socioeconomic birth outcome disparities under the scenario where disadvantaged groups receive an exposure distribution equal to that of higher socioeconomic status or non-Hispanic white Californians. The proposed research is significant because findings may uncover another pathway by which air pollution influences health, as well as previously unmeasured exposure burden from pregnancy air pollution exposure in a prior generation. The proposed study also has implications for designing public health and environmental justice interventions. By characterizing prior generation exposures in the context of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities, the project provides methods to estimate the long-term impact of exposures among vulnerable populations. Expanding air pollution health effects research to multiple generations could, in the long term, inform calculations of health and equity benefits related to air pollution reductions.