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Can the Earned Income Tax Credit Reduce Disparities in Intergenerational Health Mobility?

所得税抵免能否减少代际健康流动性的差异？

基本信息

批准号：
10509713
负责人：
Katie Jajtner Gottfredsen
金额：
$ 7.11万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-15 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10509713
关键词：
Address Adolescent Adult Affect Age American Attention Birth Characteristics Child Child Health Child Welfare Childhood Costs and Benefits Disadvantaged Economics Education Eligibility Determination Employment Ethnic Origin Ethnic group Family Generations Genetic Health Health Insurance Health Status Heterogeneity Household Human Development Income Income Tax Individual Intervention Knowledge Literature Marital Status Measures Mission Modeling National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Number of Children in Household Outcome Parents Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Pattern Plant Roots Policies Poverty Public Policy Race Research Role Shapes Societies Socioeconomic Status Solid Structure Time United States Variant Vision base design disparity reduction early childhood health disparity health equality health equity health inequalities high school improved insight intergenerational lens low socioeconomic status non-genetic panel study of income dynamics programs racial and ethnic residence sex social socioeconomics

项目摘要

This project will provide the first estimates of whether, and to what degree, public policy can meaningfully disrupt the persistence of poor health and health disparities across generations. We focus attention on the effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on intergenerational health mobility as the EITC is one of the largest and possibly most effective anti-poverty programs in the United States (US). Intergenerational mobility essentially measures equality of opportunity – a vision embraced by many Americans – by quantifying the expected welfare of children relative to their parents. Equality of opportunity would posit that children’s outcomes ought not be shaped by their parent’s characteristics. On the contrary, children would have the opportunity to shape their own destiny unencumbered by the circumstances of their parents. In the US, research identifies intergenerational persistence (the converse of mobility) in health and socioeconomic status that varies by race/ethnicity and place – a clear departure from the ideal of equal opportunities. Health could be a unique characteristic subjected to clear genetic influences that would naturally persist across generations; however, research clearly identifies non-genetic components in intergenerational health persistence that opens the door to public policy feasibly ameliorating health opportunity. Because the EITC’s impacts and/or intergenerational health mobility is patterned by marital status, sex, and race/ethnicity, we also examine whether the EITC disproportionately affects health mobility for disadvantaged groups and investigate optimal timing of benefit receipt in childhood. Using more than 11,000 parent-child pairs in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we estimate the effect of the EITC on three established measures of intergenerational health mobility: intergenerational persistence, upward, and downward health mobility (i.e., the expected health of children whose parents are in relatively poor or good health, respectively). We distinguish our study from the often-descriptive intergenerational mobility literature by employing a plausibly exogenous identification strategy to determine the effect of EITC on health mobility. Eligibility for the EITC is based on the number of dependent children in the household. Benefit generosity and eligibility however is, and has been, actively changing at the federal- and state-level since its inception in 1975. It is this variation that we leverage (the number of children in the household, state of residence, and time) to produce estimates of the EITC’s effect on health mobility. Due to the endogeneity of eligibility and take-up at the individual level, we assign each child the maximum EITC benefit afforded to children in their household type regardless of actual or observed EITC receipt, health, or income. Estimates are therefore reflective of the intent to treat. Results could provide actionable pathways for federal and state policymakers evaluating EITC costs and benefits to effectively reduce inequities in opportunity.

这个项目将首次评估公共政策是否能够，以及在多大程度上能够