权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Ethical and Policy Aspects of Cortical Visual Prosthetics Research: An Empirical Neuroethics Study

皮质视觉修复研究的伦理和政策方面：一项实证神经伦理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
10523531
负责人：
Peter David Zuk
金额：
$ 7.45万
依托单位：
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10523531
关键词：
Address Anatomy Attention BRAIN initiative Benefits and Risks Blindness Bypass Communication Communities Complex Data Deep Brain Stimulation Development Devices Dimensions Elements Eligibility Determination Emerging Technologies Ethical Analysis Ethics Ethnography FarGo Feasibility Studies Funding Future Goals Human Subject Research Individual Institution Intervention Interview Life Literature Measures Mentors Methods Modality Movement Disorders Nature Ocular Prosthesis Participant Persons Physiological Policies Prosthesis Publications Publishing Qualifying Quality of life Research Research Personnel Risk Role Structure Surveys System Technology Training Uncertainty United States National Institutes of Health Upper Extremity Vision Visual Visual Cortex Visual Perception Visually Impaired Persons Work analog blind brain based brain computer interface communication device disability empowerment expectation experience improved innovation insight member neural neural implant neuroethics neurotechnology next generation participant observation programs restoration sensory prosthesis sight restoration social stakeholder perspectives success surgical risk tool

项目摘要

Project Summary Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as a promising modality for restoring physiological functions such as mobility, communication, and visual perception. The BRAIN Initiative is a key driver of BCIs, funding development of prosthetics for movement disorders, communication devices, and cortical visual prosthetics (CVPs). CVPs aim to restore some degree of sight or a functional analogue for people who are blind. Unlike other methods of sight restoration, CVPs bypass damaged or dysfunctional ocular anatomy, aiming to provide potentially life-altering benefits via a distinctive, brain-based approach. But while other brain implants, including other BCIs, are widely studied and discussed by neuroethicists, CVPs have received little attention and there is a lack of empirical data on stakeholder perspectives about CVPs. CVPs raise special considerations due to conceptual questions about the role of blindness in identity, autonomy, quality of life, and other dimensions of non-clinical risk and benefit. CVPs are a potential tool for empowering blind individuals, but the specialized nature of the intervention raises issues of access, and it is also crucial that this research avoid unexpected group harms to the blind community. Furthermore, the visual experience that CVP technology is likely to provide even in a best-case scenario is quite different from typical vision. Thus, there is uncertainty about how to measure success in CVP research. Responsible development of CVPs must take into consideration the perspectives of researchers and participants on the issue of how to define restoration of function and determine degree of improvement necessary to qualify as success. Aim 1 will determine how members of a CVP research team define restoration of function and its ethical importance as a research goal by utilizing an embedded neuroethics approach (ethnographic participant observation) with a lab conducting human subjects research on CVPs. Aim 2 will identify the values that guide and ought to guide current and future practice in the field from the perspective of CVP researchers using in-depth qualitative interviews. Aim 3 will employ similar interviews to explore the values that guide and ought to guide current and future practice in the field from the perspective of individuals with experience as participants in CVP research. This project will help identify and address ethics and policy dimensions of next-generation CVP systems, helping to maximize the individual and social benefits of the research while minimizing its risks and providing values-based guidance for development of neurotechnologies aiming to restore vision and other physiological functions.

项目总结