The tale of two receptors: Determining the role of lipoprotein receptors, SR-BI and LDL-R, in gammaherpesvirus infection

建议书摘要 伽马疱疹病毒是一种普遍存在的病原体，在大多数成年人中会造成终身感染，并且 与多种癌症有关，包括B细胞淋巴瘤。虽然支持病毒的风险因素 肿瘤的发生机制仍然知之甚少，病毒潜伏期延长和重新激活往往先于肿瘤发生。 最近的研究表明，内源性脂质合成支持伽马疱疹病毒的复制。 和延迟。然而，外源性胆固醇交换在感染过程中的作用仍不清楚。 因此，这项建议旨在确定外源性胆固醇如何影响病毒潜伏期和重新激活。 由于人类伽马疱疹病毒的高流行率和物种特异性，小鼠的病原体 小鼠疱疹病毒68(MHV68)是一种被广泛应用的小动物模型 发病机制。该模型的一个优点是能够对宿主进行基因改造，以检查细胞和 控制感染的分子机制。使用这个模型，我们最近发现了一个 在伽马疱疹病毒感染过程中脂蛋白受体的兴奋作用。具体地说，我们发现SR- 高密度脂蛋白(高密度脂蛋白)受体BI支持MHV68的重新激活。而低密度脂蛋白-受体 脂蛋白(LDL)受体，抑制MHV68潜伏期和重新激活。因此，我们假设SR-BI 发挥促病毒作用，而低密度脂蛋白-R在感染时发挥抗病毒作用。 这里提出的体外和活体实验将提供一个广泛的，但重点分析 SR-BI和LDL-R在宿主脾中表达的细胞和分子意义 伽马疱疹病毒感染。重要的是，这些研究的成功完成将有助于深入了解 控制伽马疱疹病毒感染，这将为受感染的个人提供潜在的治疗目标 特别容易受到伽马疱疹病毒相关致癌效应的影响。

Proposal Summary Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that establish life-long infections in most adults and are associated with several cancers, including B cell lymphomas. While the risk factors supporting viral tumorigenesis remain poorly understood, elevated viral latency and reactivation often precede oncogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that endogenous lipid synthesis supports gammaherpesvirus replication and latency. However, the role of exogenous cholesterol exchange during infection remains unknown. Therefore, this proposal aims to determine how exogenous cholesterol impacts viral latency and reactivation. Due to the high prevalence and species specificity of human gammaherpesviruses, the mouse pathogen murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is widely utilized as the small animal model of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis. A strength of this model is the ability to genetically modify the host to examine the cellular and molecular mechanism by which infection is controlled. Using this model, we have recently discovered an exciting role for lipoprotein receptors during gammaherpesvirus infection. Specifically, we have found that SR- BI, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, supports MHV68 reactivation. While LDL-R, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, suppresses MHV68 latency and reactivation. Therefore, we hypothesize that SR-BI exerts pro-viral effects, while LDL-R exerts anti-viral effects in infection. The in vitro and in vivio experiments proposed here will provide an extensive, yet focused analysis of the cellular and molecular importance of SR-BI and LDL-R expression in the spleen of the host during gammaherpesvirus infection. Importantly, successful completion of these studies will provide insight into the control of gammaherpesvirus infections, which would offer potential therapeutic targets for infected individuals particularly susceptible to the associated oncogenic effects of gammaherpesviruses.