Determining pathways from food insecurity to parent and child well-being

粮食不安全(FI)是一种公共卫生危机，影响着600多万人 美国每年都有儿童。FI预测儿童发展的每个领域的不适应结果 对生命和健康的长期影响，但我们不知道FI如何以及为什么会带来负面影响。至 建立有效的公共卫生倡议来解决金融危机，我们必须了解它是如何破坏 发展，并确定金融创新的哪些方面可能对干预敏感。FI增加父母的智力 健康问题、压力和严厉的养育方式可能会导致FI的有害影响 关于儿童福祉，但关于这种联系的机械性细节尚不确定。假设FI是有效的 主要是通过父母来影响孩子，但由于测量和方法的限制 目前的研究表明，这条途径尚不清楚。父母的抑郁可能会限制父母获得安全感的能力 食物会导致FI，或者FI直接影响孩子的行为，从而导致父母情绪的变化 和行为。隔离这些模式中的哪些正在发生，或者哪些正在为谁和何时发生，将会 告知哪些家庭和社区成员将成为粮食援助计划的目标。此外，时间 FI与亲子幸福之间的关系运作的过程并不谨慎 特色化的。FI只在很长一段时间内进行了检查，比如几年，所以我们不知道检查的速度有多快 负面影响开始显现。了解FI如何在较短的时间范围内工作，例如几周和几天，以及 如果时间进程因FI类型不同而不同，将使我们能够了解经常经历差距的方式 粮食援助对儿童的影响是实时的。计划中的研究将应用创新的方法来研究 FI与父母和儿童福祉的关系，为制定公共卫生计划展示成果 针对最有希望的一套解决方案的干预措施。本建议书中描述的培训计划将 为我提供压力生理学和生物标记物的基础知识，以及方法学 以及解决关于FI和FI之间的联系的以下关键问题所需的定量技术 亲子幸福：1)亲子关系的方向性是什么 幸福？2)影响的出现和持续时间尺度是什么？在拟议的研究中，我将利用 新的概念、方法和统计培训，以解决这些理解上的差距，使用 面对面的方法，每天重复测量FI和父母和孩子的幸福程度。此外，培训 在应激生理学中，我将准备在未来探索FI的生理效应如何有助于 FI对亲子幸福的影响。这一博士后奖学金将为我提供进一步的培训 作为一名独立研究人员开始我的职业生涯所需的领域。此外，这项提议的结果是 将有助于塑造这项关于对数百万儿童的公共健康构成极大威胁的转化科学 眼前和长期的健康和发展。

Food insecurity (FI), the lack of consistent access to food, is a public health crisis that affects over 6 million children in the US each year. FI predicts maladaptive outcomes in every domain of child development with long-lasting life and health consequences, but we do not know how and why FI carries negative effects. To establish effective public health initiatives to address FI, we must understand how it works to undermine development, and identify which aspects of FI may be sensitive to intervention. FI increases parental mental health problems, stress, and harsh parenting practices in a way that likely contributes to FI’s detrimental effects on child well-being, but mechanistic details about the association are uncertain. It is assumed that FI works primarily through parents to influence children, but due to measurement and methodological limitations of current research, that pathway is unclear. It is possible that parental depression limits parents’ ability to secure food in ways that lead to FI, or that FI affects child behavior directly, which leads to changes in parent mood and behavior. Isolating which of these patterns is occurring, or which is occurring for whom and when, will inform which members of the family and community to target for food assistance programs. Further, the time course over which the relationship between FI and parent and child well-being operates has not been carefully characterized. FI has only been examined over long time periods, like years, so we do not know how quickly negative effects emerge. Understanding how FI works across shorter timelines, such as weeks and days, and if that time course varies by FI type, will allow us to understand the ways in which frequently experienced gaps in food assistance impact children in real time. The planned research will apply innovative methods to study the relationship between FI and parent and child well-being, presenting results to craft public health interventions that target the most promising set of solutions. The training plan described in this proposal will provide me with foundational knowledge in stress physiology and biomarkers, as well as the methodological and quantitative techniques necessary to address the following key questions about the link between FI and parent and child well-being: 1) What is the directionality of the relationships between FI and parent and child well-being? and 2) Over what time scale do effects emerge and sustain? In the proposed study, I will leverage new conceptual, methodological, and statistical training to address these gaps in understanding, using a within-person approach with daily repeated measures of FI and parent and child well-being. In addition, training in stress physiology will prepare me to explore, in the future, how physiological effects of FI contribute to the impact of FI on parent and child well-being. This post-doctoral fellowship will provide me further training in domains necessary for launching my career as an independent researcher. Further, the results of this proposal will help shape this translational science on a highly significant public health threat to millions of children’s immediate and longer-term health and development.