Family supportive communication and depression during early to middle adolescence: a technology-enhanced naturalistic observational study

项目总结 抑郁症是青少年中一种常见的衰弱障碍，需要高水平的支持和照顾 从父母那里。除了减轻症状的好处外，来自父母的支持可能会促进积极反应 减少青少年日常生活中的负面情绪。尽管作为单独的构造进行检查， 青少年寻求支持和父母支持构成了一个动态的二元过程(即支持性 沟通)，其中青年和父母的行为之间的协调与 患抑郁症的风险。从父母的支持中获益最多的年轻人，比如那些有抑郁风险的人， 可能得到较低质量的支持，这可能会阻碍未来寻求父母支持的尝试。至 更好地告知未来针对这一预防抑郁症的关键保护过程的干预措施，我们 将表征亲子支持沟通的四个指标--青少年支持寻求、父母 支持的颁布、支持的一致性(即，父母支持的制定与青年之间的一致性 寻求支持)，以及青少年对父母支持的看法--在有风险和没有风险的青少年的日常生活中 抑郁症。多方法、多信息的支持性沟通调查能更好地揭示 干预如何促进父母和青少年行为的协调，以实现青少年的最大利益 有患抑郁症的风险。拟议的集约化纵向方法将以支持性为特征 在两周的时间里，在亲子二人组中实时和在现实世界环境中进行沟通 句号。这项研究将招募100名12-15岁的患有高低抑郁症状的年轻人，以及 主要照顾者。在两周的时间里，这项研究将对亲子关系进行持续的测量 使用蓝牙信号强度、自动事件应急生态瞬时评估 与家长和青少年进行支持性沟通，并获取亲子视频的自然记录 日常生活中解决以下具体目标的对话：目标1)开发、测试和改进编码 在日常对话的视频记录中描述父母-青少年支持性沟通的系统 来自两个家庭的现有试点数据；目的2)表征青少年的日常亲子支持性沟通 具有高和低水平的抑郁风险；目标3)测试支持性沟通的四个指数 抑郁风险与日常工作结束时的消极情绪和积极情绪之间的中介关系， 独立于压力；和探索性目标)探索抑郁风险和 支持性沟通因青年自我报告的性别、种族/族裔和社会经济地位而有所不同。 意义：来自这项创新研究的见解将有助于确定改善支持性的策略 日常生活中的沟通，并告知设计以家庭为中心的生态瞬间干预 预防青少年抑郁症。

PROJECT SUMMARY Depression is a common debilitating disorder in adolescents that compel high levels of support and care from parents. In addition to the benefits of symptom reduction, support from parents may promote positive emotions and reduce negative emotions in the daily lives of youth. Although examined as separate constructs, youth support seeking and parental support constitute a dynamic dyadic process (i.e., supportive communication), wherein the coordination between the youth and the parent’s behaviors is associated with depression risk. Youth who benefit most from parental support, such as those with depression risk, are more likely to receive lower quality support, which may discourage future attempts at seeking parental support. To better inform future interventions targeting this crucial protective process for the prevention of depression, we will characterize four indices of the parent-youth supportive communication – youth support seeking, parent enactment of support, support concordance (i.e., concordance between parent enactment of support and youth support seeking), and youth perception of parental support – in the daily lives of youth with and without risk for depression. A multi-method and multi-information investigation of supportive communication can better reveal how interventions can promote the coordination of parent and youth behaviors for maximum benefit in youth with risk for depression. The proposed intensive longitudinal methods will characterize supportive communication in parent-youth dyads as they arise in real time and in real world settings over a two-week period. Study will recruit 100 12-15 year old youth with high and low levels of depression symptoms, as well as primary caregivers. Over a two week period, the study will conduct continuous measurements of parent-youth proximity using Bluetooth signal strengths, automated event-contingent ecological momentary assessments of supportive communication with parents and youth, and obtain naturalistic video recordings of parent-youth conversations in daily life to address the following specific aims: Aim 1) Develop, test, and refine a coding system to describe parent-youth supportive communication in video recordings of daily conversations using existing pilot data from two families; Aim 2) Characterize daily parent-youth supportive communication in youth with high and low levels of depression risk; Aim 3) Test whether the four indices of supportive communication mediate associations between depression risk and daily negative and positive emotions at end-of-day, independent of stress; and Exploratory Aim) Explore whether the association between depression risk and supportive communication differ by youth self-reported gender, race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. Significance: Insights from this innovative study will help to pinpoint strategies for improving supportive communication in daily life, and inform the design of a family-focused ecological momentary intervention for the prevention of adolescent depression.