Family supportive communication and depression during early to middle adolescence: a technology-enhanced naturalistic observational study

项目摘要 抑郁症是一种常见的使青少年衰弱的疾病，需要高水平的支持和照顾 从父母那里。除了减轻症状的好处外，父母的支持可能会促进积极的 减少青少年日常生活中的负面情绪。虽然作为单独的结构进行检查， 青少年寻求支持和父母支持构成动态的二元过程（即，支持性 沟通），其中青年和父母的行为之间的协调与 抑郁风险从父母支持中受益最多的年轻人，如有抑郁风险的年轻人， 可能得到较低质量的支持，这可能会阻碍未来寻求父母支持的努力。到 为了更好地为未来的干预措施提供信息，以这一预防抑郁症的关键保护过程为目标，我们 将描述四个指标的父母-青少年支持沟通-青少年支持寻求，父母 制定支持，支持一致性（即，父母制定的支持和青年之间的一致性 寻求支持），以及青少年对父母支持的看法-在有和没有风险的青少年的日常生活中， 萧条多方法、多信息的支持性沟通调查能更好地揭示 干预措施如何促进父母和青少年行为的协调，使青少年受益最大 有患抑郁症的风险。建议的密集纵向方法将支持 在父母-青少年二人组中的沟通，因为他们出现在真实的时间和真实的世界设置超过两个星期 期研究将招募100名12-15岁的青少年，他们有高水平和低水平的抑郁症状， 主要照顾者。在为期两周的时间里，这项研究将对父母-青年进行连续测量， 使用蓝牙信号强度的接近度， 与父母和青少年进行支持性沟通，并获得父母与青少年的自然主义录像 日常生活中的对话，以解决以下具体目标：目标1）开发，测试和完善编码 系统描述父母与青少年的支持性沟通，使用日常对话的视频记录， 两个家庭的现有试验数据;目标2）描述青少年日常父母与青少年的支持性沟通 高和低水平的抑郁风险;目的3）测试支持性沟通的四个指标是否 调解抑郁风险与每天结束时的消极和积极情绪之间的联系， 独立于压力;和探索性目的）探索抑郁症风险与 支助性沟通因青年自我报告性别、种族/族裔和社会经济地位而异。 意义：这项创新研究的见解将有助于确定改善支持性治疗的策略。 沟通的日常生活，并告知设计一个以家庭为中心的生态瞬间干预， 预防青少年抑郁症。

PROJECT SUMMARY Depression is a common debilitating disorder in adolescents that compel high levels of support and care from parents. In addition to the benefits of symptom reduction, support from parents may promote positive emotions and reduce negative emotions in the daily lives of youth. Although examined as separate constructs, youth support seeking and parental support constitute a dynamic dyadic process (i.e., supportive communication), wherein the coordination between the youth and the parent’s behaviors is associated with depression risk. Youth who benefit most from parental support, such as those with depression risk, are more likely to receive lower quality support, which may discourage future attempts at seeking parental support. To better inform future interventions targeting this crucial protective process for the prevention of depression, we will characterize four indices of the parent-youth supportive communication – youth support seeking, parent enactment of support, support concordance (i.e., concordance between parent enactment of support and youth support seeking), and youth perception of parental support – in the daily lives of youth with and without risk for depression. A multi-method and multi-information investigation of supportive communication can better reveal how interventions can promote the coordination of parent and youth behaviors for maximum benefit in youth with risk for depression. The proposed intensive longitudinal methods will characterize supportive communication in parent-youth dyads as they arise in real time and in real world settings over a two-week period. Study will recruit 100 12-15 year old youth with high and low levels of depression symptoms, as well as primary caregivers. Over a two week period, the study will conduct continuous measurements of parent-youth proximity using Bluetooth signal strengths, automated event-contingent ecological momentary assessments of supportive communication with parents and youth, and obtain naturalistic video recordings of parent-youth conversations in daily life to address the following specific aims: Aim 1) Develop, test, and refine a coding system to describe parent-youth supportive communication in video recordings of daily conversations using existing pilot data from two families; Aim 2) Characterize daily parent-youth supportive communication in youth with high and low levels of depression risk; Aim 3) Test whether the four indices of supportive communication mediate associations between depression risk and daily negative and positive emotions at end-of-day, independent of stress; and Exploratory Aim) Explore whether the association between depression risk and supportive communication differ by youth self-reported gender, race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. Significance: Insights from this innovative study will help to pinpoint strategies for improving supportive communication in daily life, and inform the design of a family-focused ecological momentary intervention for the prevention of adolescent depression.