DESIGNING REMINDER MESSAGES FOR OLDER ADULTS

这个项目的目标是改进关于以下内容的语音信息的设计 为老年人提供的健康服务。健康之间的口头交流 专业人员和患者正变得越来越频繁，因为自动化 电话提醒系统在健康领域广受欢迎。如此之快 自动语音消息技术的发展已经超过了我们 了解在这种情况下的有效沟通。拟议的研究 将调查关于医疗服务的语音信息的设计 以提高对以下信息的理解、记忆和坚持 医疗服务。 我们调查以下报文设计问题：(A)报文内容- 遵守规则需要哪些类型的信息？成年人分享吗？ 有关此信息在邮件中的排序方式的首选项？(B) 消息组织-组织消息时是否更有效 读者喜好？我们将测试语音消息是否更容易 理解并记住与听者关于 医疗保健任务。(C)消息长度--可以提供多少信息 在提醒信息中有效地传达了什么？可以组织得很好的消息 提供更多信息而不是组织不善的消息？(D)讯息 通道--许多信息以语音方式呈现时可能比以语音方式呈现时更有效 用印刷品。与之相比，口述的预录信息增加了忠诚度 到无消息控制条件。然而，很少有研究表明到底有多少 信息可以通过语音或交互方式有效地传达 消息重复或提示等功能可以提高记忆力。(E) 口述信息的呈现--口述信息对 通过放慢呈现速度和强调来增强记忆力和忠诚度 关键信息？(F)听众因素--在多大程度上 信息因素取决于听众的年龄、教育程度、感知的健康状况 和自我效能感，以及对健康服务的信念？听众 可能需要有动力才能利用精心设计的沟通。 我们考察了这些信息和听众因素对(A)的影响。 信息理解和记忆；(B)受试者评估其 理解和记忆水平(元认知能力)；(C) 对消息的偏好，包括关于如何激励 消息是；(D)关于消息中描述的服务的信念； 以及(E)对自我效能感的信念。精心设计的信息是最重要的 可能会提高对医疗保健服务的遵从性，如果他们像 以及通过提高理解力和记忆力来使人们坚持下去。这个 研究的最后一步将是衡量精心设计的 关于模拟遵守的消息。由此产生的报文设计指南 这项研究应该有助于确保语音消息技术， 卫生专业人员之间日益频繁的交流形式 和患者，满足老年患者的需求。

The goal of this project is to improve the design of spoken messages about health services for older adults. Spoken communication between health professionals and patients is becoming more frequent as automated telephone reminder systems gain currency in the health field. This rapid development in automated voice message technology has outstripped what we know about effective communication in this context. The proposed research will investigate the design of spoken messages about health services in order to improve comprehension, memory and adherence to messages about health services. We investigate the following message design issues: (a) Message content- What types of information are necessary for adherence? Do adults share preferences for how this information should be ordered in messages? (b) Message organization- Are messages more effective when organized to match reader preferences? We will test if spoken messages are easier to understand and remember when compatible with listener knowledge about the health care task. (c) Message length- How much information can be effectively conveyed in a reminder message? Can well-organized messages present more information than poorly organized messages? (d) Message modality- Many messages may be more effective when presented by voice than by print. Spoken pre-recorded messages have Increased adherence compared to no message control conditions. Yet there is little research on how much Information can be conveyed effectively by voice, or if interactive features such as message repeats or prompts improve recall. (e) Presentation of spoken messages- Can the impact of spoken messages on memory and adherence be enhanced by slowing presentation and stressing critical information? (f) Listener factors- To what extent do these message factors depend on listener age, education, perceived health status and self-efficacy, as well as beliefs about the health service? Listeners may need to be motivated to take advantage of well-designed communication. We investigate the influence of these message and listener factors on (a) message understanding and memory; (b) how accurately subjects assess their level of comprehension and memory (meta-cognitive abilities); (c) preferences for the messages, including beliefs about how motivating the messages are; (d) beliefs about the services described in the messages; and (e) beliefs about self-efficacy. Well-designed messages are most likely to improve adherence to health care services if they motivate as well as enable people to adhere by improving comprehension and memory. The final step in the research will be to measure the impact of well-designed messages on simulated adherence. The message design guidelines resulting from this research should help ensure that voice message technology, an increasingly frequent form of communication between health professionals and patients, addresses the needs of older adult patients.