BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER BACK DURING TWISTING

越来越多的流行病学证据表明，不对称负荷 导致了工业中日益严重的腰痛问题。这个 拟议研究的总体目标是提供能够 有助于减轻不对称负重引起的下腰痛， 特别扭曲。调查将对生物力学进行分析 扭曲和横向弯曲。将进行以下实验： 生物力学参数将在体内进行测量。使用这些数据和 改进现有的静态生物力学模型，我们将开发 并验证可用于预测和确定 扭转和侧弯时不同躯干肌肉的张力 弯曲和作用在腰椎上的相关力量。模型 将用于解释现有的指导原则，并提供 为进一步制定此类指导方针提供科学依据。这个 这项研究的具体目标是： 1.实验分析腰椎运动过程中发生的力矩 不对称负荷，并测量躯干肌肉的活动 在这些负荷期间。 2.完善现有的起重静态躯干生物力学模型 反映以下方面的新数据：1)肌肉、肌腱、韧带和骨骼几何； 2)负重搬运时的肌肉功能；3)动态举重 在与对象1相关的研究中估计的参数。 3.通过实验对新的躯干生物力学模型进行验证 在测量时涉及非对称、静态和动态树干载荷 躯干肌电活动及其运动学和运动学评价 参数。 4.将脊柱模型的结果与现有发布的指南进行比较 关于在各种姿势和不对称加载条件下的举升， 从而对这些问题进行解读，为科学研究提供更科学的依据。 未来的指导方针。 这项研究将在两个机构进行：拉什-长老会- 圣卢克医疗中心，骨科，芝加哥，伊利诺伊州 和密歇根大学安娜堡分校机械系 工程和人体工程学中心，安娜堡，密歇根。两个人 各机构将像过去十年一样密切合作， 实验分析的主要部分在芝加哥进行 模型开发的主要部分是在该大学完成的 来自密歇根州。

There is growing epidemiological evidence that asymmetric loading contributes to the increasing problem of low back pain in industry. The overall goal of the proposed research is to provide information that can contribute to reducing low back pain resulting from asymmetric loading, particularly twisting. The investigations will analyze the biomechanics of twisting and lateral bending. Experiments will be conducted in which biomechanical parameters will be measured in vivo. Using those data and refining currently available static biomechanical models, we will develop and validate a model that can be used to both predict and determine the tensions occurring in different trunk muscles during twisting and lateral bending and the associated forces acting on the lumbar spine. The model will be used to interpret existing guidelines and also to provide the scientific basis for further development of such guidelines. The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To experimentally analyze moments occurring in the lumbar spine during asymmetric loading, and to measure muscle activities of trunk muscles during these loads. 2. To refine the existing static trunk biomechanical models of lifting to reflect new data on, 1) muscle, tendon, ligament and bone geometry; 2) muscle function during load handling; and 3) dynamic lifting parameters estimated in research related to objected #1. 3. To validate the new trunk biomechanics model through experiments involving asymmetric, static and dynamic trunk loads while measuring trunk muscle myoelectric activity and estimating kinematic and kinetic parameters. 4. To compare spinal model output with existing published guidelines regarding lifting in various postures and asymmetric loading conditions, so as to interpret these and provide a more scientific basis for such guidelines in the future. The study will be carried out at two institutions: Rush-Presbyterian - St. Luke's Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, Chicago, Illinois and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Ergonomics, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The two institutions will work closely together, as they have in the past decade, with the main part of the experimental analysis taking part in Chicago and the main part of the model development being done at the University of Michigan.