Battery Thermal Management - Enabling Extremely Fast Charging

汽车行业的脱碳是减少气候变化的关键。欧盟运输造成的二氧化碳排放中有72%来自公路运输（EASAC， 2019年）。在全球范围内，交通运输排放23%的能源相关二氧化碳，到2050年这一比例可能增加到60%（克里斯特，2019）。值得庆幸的是，纯电动汽车（bev）在使用可再生能源充电时，有可能消除尾气排放，减少全球排放。然而，由于对成本、续航里程和充电时间的担忧，纯电动汽车的普及受到了阻碍（乔利，2019）。先进的冷却技术可以在大电流充电时控制电池温度，从而缩短充电时间。该项目将确定使用Qdot的冷却技术来解决极快充电（XFC）的热挑战的可行性，在电池模块层面，XFC可以在10分钟内增加200英里的续航里程。在汽车行业，对续航里程的需求促使人们提高电池的能量密度（包括重量和体积），以减小纯电动汽车电池组的质量和尺寸。虽然就其本身而言，能量密度的增加将导致对改进热管理系统的需求，但由于在此过程中电池单元中发生的极端体积加热速率，XFC将决定峰值冷却性能要求。Qdot开发了一流的对流冷却技术，该技术能够在小区域内提取高水平的热量，这将解决这一热挑战。Qdot的愿景是利用为核聚变托卡马克中出现的极端热通量条件而开发的冷却技术来实现XFC。如果申请成功，这笔拨款将使Qdot能够将这项技术应用于XFC。

Decarbonisation of the automotive sector is key to reducing climate change. 72% of the CO2 emissions caused by transport in the EU are from road transport (EASAC, 2019). Globally, transportation emits 23% of energy-related CO2 - a proportion which could increase to 60% by 2050 (Crist, 2019).Thankfully, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have the potential to eliminate tailpipe emissions and reduce global emissions when recharged from renewable sources. However, the uptake of BEVs has been hampered by concerns around cost, range and recharge times (Jolley, 2019). Reduction in the charge times would be enabled by advanced cooling technology which has the potential to control battery temperatures during high current charging. This project will ascertain the feasibility of using Qdot's cooling technology to address the thermal challenges of Extremely Fast Charging (XFC) - the addition of 200 miles of range within 10 mins - at a battery module level.The need for increased range has led to a drive, within the automotive industry, to improve battery cell energy densities - both gravimetric and volumetric - to reduce the mass and size of BEV battery packs. Whilst on its own, increased energy density will lead to a need for improved thermal management systems, it is XFC that will dictate the peak cooling performance requirements due to the extreme volumetric heating rates that occur in the battery cells during this process.Qdot has developed class leading convective cooling technology which is able to extract high levels of heat over small areas that will solve this thermal challenge. Qdot's vision is to enable XFC using cooling technology developed for the extreme heat flux conditions that occur in a nuclear fusion tokamak. If this application is successful, the grant will enable Qdot to apply this technology to XFC.