OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

婴儿和儿童的耳声发射

• 批准号: 2127118
• 负责人: BETH A. PRIEVE
• 金额: $ 10.03万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2127118
• 关键词: auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; auditory threshold; child (0-11); cochlea; developmental neurobiology; hearing disorders; hearing tests; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); longitudinal human study; noise; sound frequency; tympanum

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are acoustic responses that originate from the inner ear and can be measured with an insert microphone placed in the ear canal. These responses can be recorded quickly and noninvasively, and cannot be measured from ears having as little as 25 dB of hearing loss. For these reasons, OAEs are being advocated by many researchers as a possible test for diagnosing hearing loss in infants. Many centers are currently investigating the possibility of using OAEs in neonatal nurseries to screen for hearing loss, but little attention has been directed to understanding maturational changes of OAEs in infants to the age of 2 years. It is essential that a better understanding of OAEs in infants be gained to be maximally beneficial in this population. The main purpose of the proposed research is to study OAEs longitudinally from birth to two years of age in humans. The rationale for these studies is that preliminary data as well as those from other researchers indicate that transient-evoked, distortion product and spontaneous OAEs measured in infants have greater levels and higher frequency content than those measured in older children, even those aged only 2 years, and adults. The hypothesis motivating these studies is to investigate the possibility that the cochlea itself continues to develop post-natally. OAEs are thought to be a reflection of biomechanical activity from the cochlea, and thus, are an excellent measure to test whether the cochlea, independent of maturation of mylenization, matures post-natally. Research has also shown that multifrequency tympanograms change with age, which has been an indication of developmental changes of the middle ear. Correlations between changes in multifrequency tympanograms and changes in OAEs in individual subjects will suggest which changes in the OAEs could be due to influences of middle ear maturation. Correlations between DPOAEs and COAEs will also be tested which will lead to better understanding of evoked OAEs. One practical side issue will result from these experiments, which is to determine optimal stimulus parameters to evoke DPOAEs in infants, a clinically useful outcome. In combination, these studies will provide information about development of the auditory system in infants and measures that will lead to identification of hearing loss at a very critical period in human life.

耳声发射(OAE)是起源于 内耳，可通过放置在内耳 耳道。这些反应可以被快速、非侵入性地记录下来，并且 不能从听力损失低至25分贝的耳朵测量。 出于这些原因，许多研究人员将OAES作为一种 诊断婴儿听力损失的可能测试。许多中心都是 目前正在研究在新生儿中使用耳声发射的可能性 托儿所对听力损失进行筛查，但很少有人关注 旨在了解婴幼儿耳声发射的成熟性变化 年龄2岁。重要的是要更好地了解OAE 在这一人群中，婴儿将获得最大的益处。 拟议研究的主要目的是纵向研究OAEs 人类从出生到两岁。这些研究的基本原理 初步数据和其他研究人员的数据是否表明 测量的瞬时诱发、失真乘积和自发耳声发射 婴儿有更高的水平和更高的频率含量 在年龄较大的儿童中测量，即使是那些只有2岁的儿童和成年人。这个 激发这些研究的假说是为了调查 耳蜗会在出生后继续发育。OAE被认为是 是耳蜗生物力学活动的反映，因此， 一种极好的测量方法，可以测试耳蜗是否独立于 乳脂化的成熟，在出生后成熟。研究还表明， 多频鼓室图随年龄变化，这是一种 中耳发育变化的指征。相关性 多频鼓室图改变与耳声发射改变之间的关系 个别受试者将建议OAE中的哪些变化可能是由于 影响中耳成熟的因素。DPOAE与COAE之间的相关性研究 也将进行测试，这将导致更好地理解所激发的 OAES。这些实验将产生一个实际的次要问题，即 是确定最佳刺激参数以在婴儿中诱发DPOAEs， 临床上有用的结果。总而言之，这些研究将提供 关于婴儿和婴儿听觉系统发育的信息 将导致在非常短的时间内识别听力损失的措施 人类生命中的关键时期。