APPLIED VISUAL PERFORMANCE TESTS

这项订正提案的目标是--在 预测非理想观看下的真实世界视觉任务绩效 病情-新的、临床实用的、易于管理的愿景 测试。重点是低对比度、低亮度、变化的光线 级别，以及分散注意力的任务，这些任务对 老年人。在这个过程中，我们将获得关于 老年人的视力功能。该数据集在其 结合了大量较老的科目，年龄范围很广 包括非常旧的，以及测试电池的广泛性质 每个人都是被测量的。我们的目的不是要确定这些机制 与疾病相关的视力丧失；相反，这项研究解决的是 临床需要实用、可用的测试来预测真实世界的视觉 任务绩效。 我们将应用并验证史密斯-凯特尔韦尔研究所的低亮度 (技能)卡-一种独特的背靠背灰色近视敏感卡，设计 使用普通办公室模拟低对比度、低亮度条件 灯光。我们之前的研究表明，这项测试可以预测两者 阅读和驾驶表现，也是一个敏感的指标 视网膜功能。我们还将应用伯克利残疾眩光 测试，史密斯-凯特尔韦尔视网膜恢复率测试，以及史密斯- 凯特尔韦尔注意视野测试。所有这些都已被证明是 以前发表的实验室研究中的敏感措施。我们现在就会 确立他们作为真实世界视觉表现预测者的优势 临床使用中应注意的问题及其方便性。 我们将利用2000名老年人的优势 已经被我们的合作者Dr。 著名流行病学家威廉·萨塔里亚诺说。每个参与者都将是 鉴于我们的视力测试组(由上述测试组成 除了一些其他已建立的视力测试之外)以及 专门为评估视力问题而设计的有效问卷 在日常生活中。我们还将评估驾驶记录、阅读和暗淡- 轻步行走能力作为真实世界任务的量化指标 性能。我们将确定测试电池的组件 最好预测各种主观报告的和实际的任务绩效 有问题。我们还将确定实际和 主观报告的视觉表现困难。 一旦我们确定了这些测试的预测价值，它们就可以 传递给临床医生和其他将受益的个人 从更有效的指标来判断患者的视觉满足能力 日常生活的挑战。

The objective of this revised proposal is to evaluate - in the context of predicting real-world visual task performance under non-ideal viewing conditions - new, clinically-practical, simple-to-administer vision tests. The focus is on the low contrast, low luminance, changing light levels, and divided attention tasks that are most problematic for the elderly. In the process, we will acquire a comprehensive description of vision function in older people. this data set will be unique in its combination of large number of older subjects, the wide range of ages including the very old, and the extensive nature of the test battery on which each person is measured. We do not aim to determine the mechanisms of vision loss associated with disease; rather, this study addresses the clinical need for practical, usable tests which predict real-world visual task performance. We will apply and validate the Smith-Kettlewell Institute Low Luminance (SKILL) card - a unique back-on-grey near visual acuity card, designed to simulate low contrast, low luminance conditions using normal office lighting. Our previous studies demonstrate that this test predicts both reading and driving performance as well as being a sensitive indicator of retinal function. We will also apply the Berkeley disability Glare test, the Smith-Kettlewell Retinal Recovery Rate test, and the Smith- Kettlewell Attentional Visual Field test. All have proven to be sensitive measures in previous published laboratory studies. We will now establish their strengths as predictors of real-world vision performance problems and their convenience for clinical use. We will take advantage of a population of 2,000 elderly people that has been pre-identified and well-characterized by our collaborator, Dr. William Satariano, a noted epidemiologist. Each participant will be given our vision test battery (consisting of the above-described tests in addition to a number of other established vision tests) as well as a validated questionnaire specifically designed to assess vision problems in daily life. We will also evaluate driving records, reading, and dim- light walking performance as quantitative measures of real-world task performance. We will determine the components of the test battery that best predict various subjectively-reported and actual task performance problems. We will also determine the relation between actual and subjectively reported visual performance difficulties. Once we have established the predictive value of these tests, they can be passed on to the clinician and other individuals who would benefit from more valid indicators of the patient's ability to meet the visual challenges of daily life.